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南京夫子庙导游讲解 南京夫子庙游记随笔篇一
夫子庙，又叫孔庙、文庙，是祭祀我国著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方。孔子在古代被人们尊称为孔夫子，故其庙宇俗称“夫子庙”。由于儒学的正统地位，它的创始人孔子备受封建社会历朝历代的统治者和士子们的尊崇，祀奉他的孔庙遍布全国各地，有的地方还不只一个。夫子庙作为封建士子崇拜的场所，大多与教育设施(如学宫、贡院等)布置在一起，即所谓的庙附于学，一般是在学宫的前面或一侧。
历史上，南京城区的夫子庙曾有三处，一处在今市政府大院内，另一处在朝天宫。现在我们要参观、游览的，是第三处，也是最有名气的一处。它是宋景佑元年(1034年)从朝天宫迁来的，初为建康府学，元为集庆路学，明初为国学，后为应天府学，清迁出府学，改为江宁、上元两县学。咸丰年间毁于兵火，同治年间(1869年)重建，抗战中为日军焚毁。现存夫子庙为80年代初重建。它采用前庙后学，孔庙在前，学宫在后，后来设立的贡院被布置在学宫的左侧。因此，南京夫子庙比较完整的格局包括三部分，即孔庙、学宫、贡院。以大成殿为中心的南北中轴线及两侧的主要建筑和以明远楼为中心的江南贡院陈列馆成为夫子庙地区最主要的旅游观光点。
夫子庙地区由于悠久的历史、方便的水上交通，使其在夫子庙出现之前，就已成为古代南京比较有名的“佳丽地”和名士聚居地，因此除了以上所述主要景点外，还有吴敬梓故居、古桃叶渡、萃苑、百年老店一条街、文德桥、王谢故居、乌衣巷、媚香楼等景点。
现在我们已站在夫子庙中轴线的起点部分—夫子庙广场。环顾四周，南有泮池、照壁、木坊，东西两侧有聚星亭、魁光阁及商业区，北有中轴线上主要建筑大成殿和分布于孔庙东西两侧的东、西二市，形成了夫子庙地区区别于其他城市孔庙的独特氛围，即历史上形成的庙市合一的格局。
请看广场前的这一条河，它叫秦淮河，是南京人民的母亲河，全长110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。流经广场的这一段是内秦淮河的一部分，建庙时被改造为泮池，因曲阜孔庙泮水流过而得名。南岸的一堵红墙，是建于明万历(1575年)年间的大照壁，长达110米，气势磅礴，为全国照壁之最。照壁起遮蔽和装饰作用，是整个夫子庙建筑群的开始。泮池北岸石栏则为明正德(1520xx年)年间所建，是历经了沧桑变迁之后，成为夫子庙建筑群中唯一保存最好的古代建筑小品，抗战前曾加以修整。游人至此，凭栏小憩，观览秦淮秀色，心旷神怡。
泮池西侧的文德桥现为汉白玉桥。因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。因为桥向与子午线方向一致，所以每逢农历11月15日子时左右，皓月当空，凭栏俯视，在桥的两边分别可看到桥影将河中明月分成两个半月，被称为“文德分月”。吴敬梓在《儒林外史》一书中就有记述，如果您有机会的话，不妨在农历11月15日来文德桥边看一看。
文德桥南乌衣巷口的一组徽派建筑群，为“王谢古居”。作为东晋豪族王谢两大家族聚居区，影响比较大，尤其是唐刘禹锡名作《乌衣巷》的诗句，使乌衣巷、王谢旧居变得非常有名，现为“南京六朝历史文化陈列馆。”大家有时间可以进去参观参观。
现在我们看石栏北侧是新复建的天下文枢坊，表明此处为天下文化中心。三门四柱，颇为壮观。在古代，它与后面的棂星门对应，用于帝王出巡朝圣祀孔，中间高门坊是皇帝幸临的御道，左右供郡亲王出入，一般的官员臣民不能通行，因而平时都用木栅栏封闭起来。
庙前广场西侧的聚星亭，六角飞檐、古朴大方，外表看双重飞檐翘角，貌似两层结构，其实只有一层，亭名取群星聚集、人才荟萃之意。再请看东边，临水而立的小院子是魁光阁，阁内的魁星亭，三层六面，下临秦淮，景致独特。古有“奎主文章”之说。奎星即魁星，是文运兴旺之兆，是科举时考试夺魁的象征，因而魁星被历代学子奉为神灵。魁光阁与聚星亭东西犄角相望，互为呼应，融为一体。
庙前广场北面的石砌坊门，是孔庙第一道大门—棂星门，六柱三门，古朴优美，中间横楣刻有篆文“棂星门”。棂星是古代天文学中的“文星”，取名之由是要表示天下文人学士集学于此的意思。三门之间镶嵌有牡丹图案的砖刻浮雕，精雕细琢，美仑美奂。石柱顶端皆用云板，即华表之意，作为一种标志。此乃皇帝祭孔的仪门。
走过棂星门，我们就来到大成殿的大成门前。
大成门，又称戟门，是夫子庙的正大门，两旁为持敬门。封建时代只有官员可以由大成门出入，一般士子只能从旁门进出。进入门内，左右分别树有四块古碑：东边有元至顺二年(1331年)的《封至圣夫人碑》和(封四氏碑)，西边有公元1330年的残碑《集庆孔子庙碑》和由市政府迁来的甫齐永明二年(484年)的《孔于问礼图碑》。以《孔子问礼图碑》为著。
院落甬道两旁排列了孔子十二门生中的八位，即闵损、冉耕、冉求、端木赐、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由，均由汉白玉雕刻而成，状甚虔诚，栩栩如生。
向前看，大成殿前的平台为丹墀，俗称露台，高1.4米，东西宽21.8米，南北长“14.0米，四周围以石栏，有云头望柱24根，台前两角设有石灯笼。此露台用作祭祀和歌舞。露台中央的孔于雕像格外引入注目，青铜质地，达4.18米，重乙37吨，做工精细，维妙维肖，体态丰盈，面部慈祥、深沉，眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智，给人留下非常深刻的印象。露台两旁原是两庑，是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位和存放祭祀、仪礼、佾舞用具的处所。现缩为小两庑，改为碑廊，陈列有赵朴初、林散之、武中奇等著名书法家墨迹的碑石30余块，供游人欣赏。
露台尽头即为巍峨庄严的夫子庙主殿—大成殿，高16.22米，宽27.3米，进深27.9米，是重槽歇山顶的仿古建筑。正面屋檐下海蓝色竖匾，上书“大成殿”。孔子为“大成至圣先师”，“大成”当指孔子。“大成”一词，源出《札记.学记》，是学习的最高境界。又见于《孟子.万章》。“孔子，圣之时者也。孔子之谓集大成。”屋脊鸱吻中有造型精美的“双龙戏珠”立雕，这在国内同类建筑中属首创之作;屋面覆盖青色小瓦所体现的轻秀之势，与北方孔庙屋面采用黄色琉璃瓦的富丽恢宏之势明显不一样，更显随和、入俗之意，这亦是南京夫子庙更接近俗文化的表现之一，亦或称之为“入乡随俗”吧。整座建筑重檐飞翘，斗拱交错，气势雄伟;殿堂七楹，殿廊环立26根仿木圆柱;前后花格长门16扇，内殿藻井枋檩，素雅肃穆。殿中央陈列有高6.5米、宽3.5米的国内最大的孔子画像，画像前二侧还有12位门生中的另4位，即孟子，孔汲，曾参、颜回，前面还陈列有柷、琴、卧箜篌，编磬，编钟、古筝、鼓等古代乐器。
四周墙壁悬挂了38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画，称为“孔子圣迹图”，是由浙江乐清2oo匠师采用取自浙江、福建，内蒙古、辽宁、青海、广西、广东等省(区)的内玉石，鸡血冻、寿山石，翡翠绿、周村冻等石中名晶及黄金、珠宝、罗钿等贵重的珠宝饰件，耗3年之功雕成，总投资580万元人民币。画面采用中国古典全景式构图方式，辅以考证有据的细部描述，做工精细，色泽自然，富有立体感，给人以逼真神奇之感。每幅面高2.5米，宽1.3米，画中有人物408位，造型面目自然、栩栩如生。38幅壁画分别是圣迹之图、题首前言、尼山致祷、麒麟玉书、二龙五老、钧天降圣、俎豆学礼、职司委吏、命名荣贶、职司乘田、问礼老聃、在齐闻韶、晏婴沮封、退修诗书、夹谷会齐、归田谢过、诛少正卯;女乐文马、因膰去鲁。匡人解围。丑次同车之一，丑次同车之二、宋人伐木、楛矢贯隼、适卫击磬、学琴师襄、西河返驾、灵公问陈、子路问津、在陈绝粮、子西沮封、作歌丘陵，杏坛礼乐、跪受赤虹、西狩获麟、梦奠两楹、治任别归、汉高祀鲁。体现了孔子“万世师表”的光辉典范形象，这恰如殿中对联所写“气备四时兴天地鬼神日月合其德;教垂万世继尧舜禹汤文武作之师“。真乃谓“德侔天地道贯古今，删述六经垂宪万世”。
由大成殿东庑北门出，经东市即进入学宫区。
东市和西市是由原来进出学宫的东、西甬道改成，用作秦淮河上往返船只经销商品的场所，现已成为夫子庙地区最具特色的工艺美术晶、文化用品销售场所和文化活动场所。
学宫是封建时代培养人才的场所，有不同层次，如县学、府学(路学、州学等)和国学，都与孔庙毗邻，以示儒学立国，修身的正统地位。学宫包括明德堂、尊经阁、敬一亭、崇圣祠和青云楼等单体建筑。走进学宫大门，就是古风盎然的明德堂，是士子们每月朔、望日朝圣(即孔子)之后，集中听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕(伦理和政府法令)的场所，以培养学子们忠君爱国的思想。对于明德堂的名称，可能有的游客要问，各地夫子庙建筑群中只有“明伦堂”，何以南京夫子庙例外，叫作“明德堂”?确实，南京夫子庙内，明德堂原来也称“明伦堂”，只是当年元军即将攻克南京之时，身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥，为了表明他宁死不屈的决心，亲自手书，改“明伦堂”为“明德堂”以明效忠国家、报效民众之志气，故保留至今。明德堂后的尊经阁，始建于明朝中期，高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，气象非凡，是当年存放儒家典籍、教谕讲课的讲堂，现为民俗风情陈列馆。与尊经阁并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云楼，尊经书院分置尊经阁后两边。崇圣祠祀孔子父母，现为梨园;青云楼清时改为图书馆;尊经书院为讲课之所，相当于现在的教室。尊经阁后小高地，叫卫山，建有敬一亭，天下文庙皆有敬一亭始于明嘉靖时，亭内立皇帝御题的“敬一箴”，作为生员士子的座右铭。所谓“敬一”就是对孔学的敬业之意。
游完学宫，向东过贡院西街走数十米，就是江南贡院。利用这一段时间，我给大家介绍一下夫子庙的其他情况。夫子庙地区除了夫子庙自身建筑之外，还有更为引人注目的民风民俗、特色市场和风味小吃。
其一，南京人向有过灯节的习俗，六朝时期佛兴灯旺，作为帝王之都的南京，每至元宵节，灯火满市井，为全国之冠。明朝时放灯时间延长，正月初八为上灯节。十八日为落灯节，是我国历史上为时最长的灯节，那时南京人几乎“家家走桥，人人看灯”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京灯节都极为隆重，以夫子庙地区为最盛。建国以后，夫子庙灯会在政府的支持和组织下，每年的正月，夫子庙的大街小巷、店堂铺面、河房屋顶都挂满了各式各样的彩灯，前来观赏的人群络绎不绝，熙熙攘攘，煞是壮观，其规模之大、延续时间之长、灯彩式样之多，在全国同类灯会中均名列前茅。
其二，夫子庙除了它的文化特色外，其商业文化也比较发达，首先是夫子庙建筑群两侧的东、西二市就以其丰富的工艺美术晶、古玩、字画及其他文化用品交易而显示出文化的商业性价值，其次在夫子庙还有小商品市场、花鸟虫鱼市场和古玩、珍藏品交易市场，体现了南京人的一种闲适心态和文化品位。夫子庙已成为现代商品云集的商业中心区之一。
其三，夫子庙还是南京四时茶食的发源地,随着各种节令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子庙秦淮小吃因时更新，各种茶食店铺，摊贩小吃，应有尽有，成为我国东南地区历史最久、最独具特色的饮食文化旅游区。从泮池文德桥至文源桥方圆百米左右的市面，风味饮食店就有数十家之多。可谓咸甜荤素风味迥异;东西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和园、六凤居、老正兴、奇芳阁、蒋有记等，风味名点和小吃有数百种，极大地强化了夫子庙的区域性特征。
好，我们已到了始建于1168年的江南贡院遗址。江南贡院是专门用来考试的场所，起初规模并不大，只供府、县学考试之用。明初乡试、会试集中在此举行。后贡院规模扩大，待到清朝，正式定名为江南贡院，已经是规模空前，形成东起姚家巷，西至学宫、孔庙，南临秦淮河，北抵建康路的方形整体，其号舍达两万多个，在当时全国贡院中首屈一指。民国之后，贡院冷落，只有明远楼等，作为历史文物被保留下来。
我们现在看到的明远楼，上下三层，四四方方，飞檐出甍，面面皆窗，它本是贡院举行考试期间用来警戒和发号施令之所。如今楼下拱门内保留的明、清和民国年间的石碑，详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史。为有效地保存封建时代科举考场的情景，80年代中期，有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”，复建了以“千字文”命名的部分号舍，陈列了神态各异的应试学子的塑像，供人们参观。同时，游人们还可以亲自体会一下“金榜题名”的古趣。各位朋友，您不想试一试?
游罢夫子庙的主要观光点，我们大概可以把夫子庙的特点归纳为以下两点。
第一，夫子庙是一个庙市合一的活动场所，这是其最大特色，而其他城市的孔庙建筑及其文化氛围通常与商业文明、市井文化相隔离。在夫子庙，一方面是围墙内严谨的文化氛围;另一方面是围墙外、秦淮河两岸充满活力的商业文明，如工艺美术品、小商品、花鸟及现代商场、批销中心，以及业经去其糟粕、取其精华的俗文化，如传统的民风民俗—秦淮灯彩、秦淮风味小吃、云锦工艺、南京白局等，一应俱全，充分体现了夫子庙的繁华和与众不同。学宫、孔庙与市场(东西市等)、俗文化(秦淮民风民俗等)和谐相处，高雅的儒学文化与通俗的市井文化、商业文化相互兼容、共同发展，形成了富有地方特色的秦淮文化。
第二，夫子庙建筑布局中有许多中国之最。如象征南京母亲河—秦淮河的长达110米的高大照壁，是全国最大的;泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的，是所有孔庙中独一无二的。由此可知，秦淮河在夫子庙的历史演变过程中的影响是非常重要的。南京夫子庙学宫明德堂的名称在全国也是少有的;大成殿“三宝”—孔子画像、雕像和孔子生平事迹壁画，堪称全国之最。值得一提的是，由于南京夫子庙的与众不同，地方政府和国家旅游局自80年代以来，开发并形成了以夫子庙为中心的秦淮风光带。在东起东水关、西迄西水关的十里秦淮，发掘出那些被历史湮没的秦淮胜迹，如瞻园、白鹭州、中华门城堡以及桃叶渡至镇淮桥一带的秦淮水上游和沿河景观，即所谓的“四点一线”，形成了集山水、园林、市街、河房河厅和民风民俗于一体的综合旅游区。现已布局井然，初具规模，景致独特，美不胜收，成为全国旅游景区四十佳之一。基于此，有关部门还开辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游线路和陆上游一条线，成为继“湖南路灯光夜市”后又一颗照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”，使得夜晚的南京城更显魅力。
各位朋友，夫子庙的游览就到此结束了，感谢大家的支持和合作!
南京夫子庙导游讲解 南京夫子庙游记随笔篇二
hello, everyone! welcome to nanjing confucius temple. the confucius templeis located on the bank of qinhuai river in the south of the city. it is ahistoric site and tourist attraction that nanjing people are proud of. it is aprosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and temple marketare integrated.
confucius temple, also known as confucius temple and confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to confucius, a famous educator and thinker in ius was honored as confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "confucius temple". due to the orthodox status of confucianism, itsfounder confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. there were more than one confucius temples all over the country. as aplace for feudal scholars to worship, confucius temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, gong yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.
historically, there were three confucius temples in the urban area ofnanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the chaotian palace. now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. it was moved from chaotian palace in the first year of jingyou of songdynasty (1034). at first, it was jiankang school, jiqing road school in yuandynasty, guoxue in ming dynasty, yingtianfu school in qing dynasty, andjiangning school and shangyuan school in qing dynasty. it was destroyed in thexianfeng period, rebuilt in the tongzhi period (1869), and burned by thejapanese during the anti japanese war. the existing confucius temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. it uses the former temple and the later school, confuciustemple in the front and the academy in the back, and the later gong yuan isarranged on the left side of the academy. therefore, the relatively completepattern of confucius temple in nanjing includes three parts, namely, confuciustemple, academy and gongyuan. the north-south central axis with dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the jiangnan gongyuanexhibition hall with mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the confucius temple area.
due to its long history and convenient water transportation, confuciustemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient nanjing before the appearance of confucius temple. therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as wu jingzi's former residence, ancient taoyedu, cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop street, wendeqiao, wang xie's former residence, wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.
now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of confuciustemple - confucius temple square. looking around, there are panchi, zhaobi andmufang in the south, juxing pavilion, kuiguang pavilion and business district inthe east and west, dacheng hall in the central axis and the east and west citieson the east and west sides of confucius temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of confucius temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of temple market integration in history.
look at the river in front of the square. it's called qinhuai river. it'sthe mother river of nanjing people. it's 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early nanjing civilization. the section that flows through the square is apart of the inner qinhuai river. when the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the confucius temple in qufu.a red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the wanli period ofthe ming dynasty (1575). it is 110 meters long and majestic. it is the largestscreen wall in china. zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole confucius temple complex. the stone railings on thenorth bank of panchi were built in zhengde (1514) of the ming dynasty. aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the confucius temple complex, which had been repaired before the antijapanese war. here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of qinhuai.
the wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. it gotits name from the confucian school's advocacy of article morality. because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every november 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bright moon in the river is spanided into two and a half months, which iscalled "wen de fen yue". wu jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. if you havea chance, you might as well come to wende bridge on november 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.
a group of hui style buildings at the entrance of south wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "wangxie ancient residence". as the settlement area of wangxie and wang xie in the eastern jin dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of wu yi xiang, the famous work of liu yuxi in tangdynasty, which makes wu yi xiang and wang xie's former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition hall of six dynasties innanjing." you can visit it when you have time.
now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt tianxia wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of tianxia. three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. in ancient times, it corresponded to thelingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship confucius. the high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. it was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. the ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.
the star gathering pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. it looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. in fact, it has onlyone floor. the name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. inthe east, the small courtyard facing the water is kuiguang pavilion. the kuixingpavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces qinhuairiver. the scenery is unique. in ancient times, there was a saying of "kui zhuwen". kuixing, or kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. therefore,kuixing was regarded as a god by the students of the past dynasties. kuiguangpavilion and juxing pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.
the stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the confucius temple - lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. it is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "lingxing gate". lingxing is the "wenxing" inancient astronomy. the reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. the brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. the top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means huabiao, as a sign. this is the gate for the emperor toworship confucius.
after passing the lingxing gate, we came to the dacheng gate of dachenghall.
dachengmen, also known as jimen, is the main gate of confucius temple, withzhijing gate on both sides. in feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the east, there are the stele of fengzhisheng's wife in 1331, the remnantstele of jiqing confucius temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. this book is based on the picturestele of confucius asking for rites.
on both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofconfucius' twelve students, namely min sang, ran geng, ran qiu, duan muzi, ranyong, zai yu, yan yan and zhong you. they are all carved from white jade of handynasty. they are very devout and lifelike.
looking forward, the platform in front of the dacheng hall is danlong,commonly known as the terrace. it is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. it is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. this terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. the statue of kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. it's made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. it'sexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. the eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in confucius' gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. there are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as zhao puchu, lin sanzhi and wu zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.
at the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of confucius templedacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "dacheng hall".confucius is the most sage and forerunner of dacheng, and dacheng refers toconfucius. the word "dacheng" comes from "notes. learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. it can also be seen in mencius wanzhang. "confuciusis the sage of time. confucius called it jidacheng. " there is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the bird's kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in china; the light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernconfucius temple. it is more easygoing and popular. this is also one of theperformances of nanjing confucius temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe romans do". the whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. in thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofconfucius, the largest in china. on the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely mencius, kongji, zengshen andyanhui. in front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as gong, qin, wokonghou, chime, bianzhong, guzheng and drum.
38 inlaid murals reflecting confucius' life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "confucius' holy trace". they are made ofinner jade from zhejiang, fujian, inner mongolia, liaoning, qinghai, guangxi,guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in yueqing, zhejiang province. it takesthree years the total investment is 5.8 million yuan. the picture adopts thechinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. there are 408 figures in the painting. theshape is natural and lifelike. the 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of nishan, the qilin yushu, the erlongwulao, the juntian shengjiang, the zudou xueli, the functionary commissar, thename rongfu, the functionary chengtian, the questioner laofu, wenshao in qi, yanyingju feng in yan, the retreat of shishu, jiagu huiqi, returning to tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music wenma, and yingu qulu. help peopleout. in song dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the falcon, struck the chimeby shiwei, learned to play qin by xiang, drove back to xihe, asked linggongabout chen, zilu about jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, xingtanritual music, kneeling by chihong, xishou huolin, mengdian liangying, zhirenbiegui, han gaosi to lu. this is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "qi bei si shi xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow yao, shun, yu and tangwenwu as teachers". the truth is that "the tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theconstitution for all ages.".
from the north gate of dacheng hall, you can enter xuegong district throughdongshi.
dongshi and xishi have been changed from the east and west passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the qinhuai river. now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the confuciustemple area.
the school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. they were all adjacent to confuciustemple, which showed the orthodox status of confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. the school palace includes mingde hall, zunjing pavilion,jingyi pavilion, chongsheng temple and qingyun tower. entering the gate of theschool is the ancient mingde hall. it is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors' preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. as for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "minglun hall" in the confucius templecomplex. why nanjing confucius temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? indeed, in nanjing confucius temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "minglun hall". it was just wen tianxiang, the prime minister of thesouthern song dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender hechanged "ming lun tang" into "ming de tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. zunjing pavilion, built in the middle of mingdynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and t-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. it is an extraordinary hall for storing confucian classics andteaching lectures. it is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. standing sideby side with zunjing pavilion are chongsheng temple and qingyun tower. zunjingacademy is spanided into two sides behind zunjing pavilion. in the qing dynasty,qingyun building was changed into a library, and zunjing academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. the small highlandbehind the zunjing pavilion, called weishan, has a jingyi pavilion. allconfucian temples in the world have jingyi pavilion. it began in the jiajingperiod of the ming dynasty. in the pavilion, the emperor's motto of "jingyizhen" was set up as the motto of the students. the so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to confucianism.
after touring the academy, walk tens of meters to the east past gongyuanwest street, which is jiangnan gongyuan. during this period of time, i wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the confucius temple. inaddition to the buildings of confucius temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.
dear friends, this is the end of the tour of confucius temple. thank youfor your support and cooperation!
南京夫子庙导游讲解 南京夫子庙游记随笔篇三
南京夫子庙即孔庙，始建于宋景佑元年(公元1034年)，由东晋学宫扩建而成，位于秦淮河北岸的贡院街旁。夫子庙建筑群主要由孔庙、学宫、江南贡院荟萃而成，是秦淮风光的精华。
孔庙富有明清色彩。它以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山南南京《夫子庙》北成一条中轴线，左右建筑对称配列，占地广约26300平方米。四周围以高墙，配以门坊、角楼。
中心庙院：院内植有银杏八棵，古灯对称有致，中间一条笔直的石砌甬道通向大成殿前的丹墀，此丹墀是祭孔时举行乐舞的地方，正中竖立一尊青铜孔子塑像，高4.18米、重2500公斤，是全国最大的孔子青铜像。
大成殿：夫子庙的主殿，高16.22米，阔28.1米，深21.7米。殿内正中悬挂一幅全国最大的孔子画像，高6.50米、宽3.15米。殿内陈设仿制2500年前的编钟、编磬等十五种古代祭孔乐器，定期进行古曲、雅乐演奏，演出反映明人祭孔礼仪的大型明代祭孔乐舞，使观众听到春秋时代的“钟鼓之乐”、“琴瑟之声”，展现二千多年前另古乐风貌。大殿四周是孔子业绩图壁画，形神并具。
文化艺术展：中心庙院碑廊里陈列着被誉为“中华一绝”的雨花石展览。大成殿内也经常筹办其他历史文物和艺术品展，宣传中华民族的悠久文化。
从大成殿后门走出，即进入学宫参观区。学宫是科举时代本省学子读书的最高学府，为使士子接受教化，渐知遵循先圣先贤之道，所以学宫总是和孔庙建在一起。作为江苏古代文教中心的学宫位于大成殿后，以明德堂、尊经阁为主体，“东南第一学”门匾由清末状元秦大士题写。
