在日常的学习、工作、生活中，肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。范文书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢？下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文，希望能够帮助到大家，我们一起来看一看吧。
高中英语选修六虚拟语气篇一
年级：高三
教师：张勇
2018年1月23日
一、教学主题：虚拟语气
二、教学内容：if引导的虚拟条件句
三、教学目标：①掌握if引导的虚拟条件句的一般形式（与现在、过去、将来 事实相反的情况）
②掌握虚拟语气中if引导的错综时间条件句 ③掌握if省略句的构成
虚拟语气的含义：虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议与事实不符的假设等等，而不表示客观存在的事实。
知识点一：表示与现在事实相反的情况
eg: if i were you, i would take an umbrella.从例句得出相应的语法结构：
从句：if+主语+动词一般过去时（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形
知识点二：表示与过去事实相反的情况
eg: if i had got there earlier, i should/would have met her.从例句得出相应的语法结构： 从句：if+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done
知识点三：表示与将来事实相反的情况
从句：①if+主语+should+动词原形
②if+主语+were to+动词原形
③if+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）
主句：主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形 eg: if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the you were there next month, we would play basketball with you.知识点四：
注意：①，错综时间条件句
含义：当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
eg：if you had studied hard before, you would be a college student they had informed us, we would come here now.②，if省略句
在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
eg: if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to him.变为：should he come here tomorrow, i would talk to she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the matter.变为：were she to be here next monday, i would tell her about the you were there next month, we would play basketball with you.变为：were you there next month, we would play basketball with you had studied hard before, you would be a college student ce：习题讲练
1, if he should not ____ tomorrow, we should put off the come
come
come
2, if they were to ____ the research next tuesday, i would come with
done
done 3, if she worked hard next month, we would improve her
worked
worked 4, if you had listened to my advice before, you ____ better
be
have been 5, should he not ____ tomorrow, we should put off the come
come
come
6, were they to ____ the research next tuesday, i would come with
done
done 7, had you listened to my advice before, you ____ better
be
have been 3
高中英语选修六虚拟语气篇二
the subjunctive mood虚拟语气(必修6)
teaching goals 教学目标
language 目标语言
a.重点词汇和短语
wish， aggressive, scholar, in the flesh
b.重点句式
i wish...were / did...if...were / did...,...would / could / should / might do...y goals能力目标
enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different goals 情感目标
enable the students to use the subjunctive mood to express their emotion teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点
enable the students to use the correct form of the subjunctive ng methods教学方法
summarizing;comparative method;practicing ng aids教具准备
a projector and a ng procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
step ⅰpresentation
at first, give the students an example to present what the subjunctive mood is andin what situations we should use the subjunctive , show them the sentence structures of the subjunctive mood.t: now please listen to the following example: suppose i’m a basketball fan, yao1
ming is coming here to play a basketball game this unfortunately, i haven’t got a ticket for it.i feel sorry about that and what should i say in this situation? iwill say: i wish i watched the basketball game./ if i had got a ticket, i would go to watch the basketball you ever heard such kind of sentences?
ss: use the subjunctive mood.t: then do you know what is the subjunctive mood and in what situations weshould use the subjunctive mood?
s: the subjunctive mood is used when we want to express a wish, request,recommendation or report of a command.s: also, the subjunctive mood is used to express something that is contrary to thefact, highly unlikely or doubtful.t: can we show our feelings in such situations? we can use the following two sentence structures to express our t + wish + object clause
time verb object clause
now： wish would do / could do / were / did
past： wished had been / done
future： wish would do / could do / were / did
2.“if” clause..., main clause...time verb main clause
now： were / did would / could / should / might do
past： had done would / could / should / might have done
future： were / did would / could / should / might do
samples:
fact request subjunctive mood
not getting a ticket(if i got a ticket,)watch the game(i could watch the game.)i wish i watched the basketball having wings(if i had wings,)fly in the sky(i could fly in the sky.)i would flyfreely in the having enough money(if i had enough money,)buy a new computer(i couldbuy a new computer.)i could buy a new ⅱ practice
first, show the students some more raise some questions and askthem to discuss them according to the situations in groups of four, using thesubjunctive last, get them to show their sentences.t: now i’d like to give you some more discuss how to answer thequestions using the subjunctive mood in groups of them on the has been living with aids for many she is celebrating her
birthday with her you were helen, what kind of wishes would you make?
is said that a falling star can let your dreams come you saw a fallingstar, what kind ofwishes would you make?
s a falling star, a magic lamp can also let your dreams come youhad a magic lamp, what would you ask it to do for you?
after discussion
t: all right, now who would like to be volunteers to speak out your wishes?ss: if i were helen, i would ask for living longer / follow the doctors’ advice.(i wish i had a longer life / i followed the doctors’ advice.)
if i saw a falling star, i would promise to have a flourish future./ i would promise
to make my parents happy forever.(i wish i would have a flourish future / make my parents happy forever.)
if i had a magic lamp, i would ask it help the poor / i would ask it to bring peace tothe whole world.(i wish it could help the poor / bring peace to the whole world.)
step ⅲ consolidation
ask the students to do exercises 1 ＆ 2 in discovering useful structures on page 4and exercises 1-4 in using structures on page check the ⅳhomework
write five sentences by using the subjunctive mood
高中英语选修六虚拟语气篇三
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：
1.虚拟语气
he is honest.他很诚实。（陈述语气）
don‘t be late next time.下次别迟到。（祈使语气）
if i were you，i would not go.我要是你，我就不会去。（虚拟语气）i wish i had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多钱就好了。（虚拟语气）2第一类
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如： if i have time，i will go.假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气）
if i were you，i would go.假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气）
条件句的谓语时态类型 主句谓语形式 例句 形式
i were you, i should 动词过去式 与现在事实would/should/could/might+ v原study 相反 形 2.i would certainly go if *be 多用were i had time. you had taken my
advice, you would not have 动词过去完成would/should/could/might + failed in the test.式 have done i had left a little had done earlier, i would have caught the train.与过去事实相反
you came tomorrow, we ①动词过去式 would have the meeting.① 与将来事实would/should/could/might + v②should +v it were to rain 相反 原形 原 tomorrow, the meeting ③were + to do would be put off.③
*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）
注：特别说明
1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
if you tried again，you would succeed.要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)if you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)if you tried again，you could succeed.要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
2、错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
if it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
you would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3、if虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：if it weren’t for„和if it hadn’t been for„，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：
if it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。
if it hadn’t been for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=but for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=without your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。
4、if虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：
were i in school again(= if i were in school again), i would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。
had you asked me, i would have told you.(=if you had asked me,„)如果你问我，我会告诉你。
3第二类
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1）we hope they will come.(we don’t know if they can come.)
（2）we wish they could come.(we know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。
only 与 i wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
if only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。
if only i had listened to my parents!我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
if only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿做什么”，具体用法为：
① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
i’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
i’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。
if(though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例： he acts as if he knew me.他显得认识我似的。
they treat me as though i were a stranger.他们待我如陌生人。
he talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1)从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
it looks as if we’ll be late.我们似乎要迟到了。
(2)注意 it isn’t as if„的翻译：
it isn’t as if he were poor.他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
4第三类
从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
1.在 lest，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
she walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
2.表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提议move, vote希望desire坚持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：
i insisted that he(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。
he urged that they go to europe.他督促他们到欧洲去。
he suggested that we shouldleave early.他建议我们早点动身。
he ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。
i ask that he leave.我要求他走开。
he requires that i(should)appear.他要求我出场。
i move that we accept the proposal.我提议通过这项提案。
he arranged that i should go abroad.他安排我去国外。
she desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。
the general directed that the prisoners should be set free.将军指示释放那些俘虏。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气
比较：
he insisted that ihad read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。
he insisted that i should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。
he suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。
i suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。
,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
l “it is(was)+ 紧急 重要--带感情色彩
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或
important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词 后的主语从句
is ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.注：*it is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper,obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.；it is a pity；it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed
第四类
it’s time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)
’s time we went [were going, should go].我们该走了。
it’s time i was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)
it's time = it is(the very/high/right/about)time
第五类
表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。
may godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。
may you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。
第六类
在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。
1）有that引导的句子（表示愿望或沮丧情绪）that the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下来。
2）由would that引导的句子（表示但愿）would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。
3）由to think引导的句子（表示没想到）to think that i trusted him.没想到我竟然信了他。5 wish和as if
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + 动词过去式（be 一律用were）
例如：i wish i knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。
i wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。
we wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词 例如：i wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。
i wish that i could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。
i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：i wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。
i wish that someday i should live on the wish that they would come if 引出的虚拟。
as if„.表好像„„我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：it is as if„„。(就好象是„„)
as if + 从句，主句。（好像„„ sb.+ do„）表达一种假设的条件。而 as if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。
l.33 a day to remember 中原句，“as if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。
注：something is to happened，i'm to face it。
6注意事项
使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
if you had followed my advice just now, you would be better you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.2．if 省略句在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式。如： if i were at school again, i would study harder.→ were i at school again, i would study you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→ had you come earlier, you would catch the it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→ should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：were it not for the expense, i would go abroad now.但不能说：weren't it for the expense, i would go abroad now.3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
what would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)
we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn't got your help)
but for the rain(= if it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
i was ill that ise, i would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)he telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it.(连词)
a man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定语从句）i might have given you more help, but i was too busy.(连词)
everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(独立主格结构)
混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气
1。混合型虚拟语气：
当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如：
if you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would+动词原形)
2.含蓄型虚拟语气：
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中
（1）.用but for、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如
without electricity human life would be quite different=if there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different
(2)用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如： i lost your ise,i would have visited you long before.=i lost your i hadn't lost your address ,i would have visited you long before.(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如：
he would have given you more help,but he was too busy
他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙
he would lose weight,but he eats too much
他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多
高中英语选修六虚拟语气篇四
英语作文常用句式
一、引出开头
1：it is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==as far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）
2：recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus.== nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）
3：nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）
4：internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）
5：with the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……
（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）
6：it is a common belief that……==it is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）
7：a lot of people seem to think that……
（很多人似乎认为……）8: it is universally acknowledged that + 句子
（全世界都知道...）
is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
10.______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.…已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。11.______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.…在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
ing to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ sly，______，but why? 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
present/nowadays, one phenomenon calls for/deserves people’s attention is that: …
目前，一种现象引起了人们的注意：…
controversial issue often brought into public focus is that:…
一种经常引起公众争议的问题是：
phenomenon of____ has given rise to a heated discussion.一种…的现象经常引起人们的热烈讨论.二、表达不同观点
's views on……vary from person to hold that……however, others believe that……
（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……） may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）des towards（drugs）vary from person to person.==different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）
（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）
5.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
there are different opinions among people as to people suggest that ____.6.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
there is an old ’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.7.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily , ____ second, makes things worse is that______.8.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
nowadays，it is common to people like ______ because s，______.9.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.10.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… people’s opinions about ______ vary from person to people say that them, _____.三． 提出自己的观点
1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……
as far as i am concerned, i agree with the latter opinion to some extent.i think that ____.2.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……
but ______and ______have their own example, _____, ing this with that, however, i prefer to______.3.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… personally, i believe uently, i’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.4.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能…… for my part, i think it reasonable in this way can you _____.5.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……
in my opinion, i think it necessary reasons are as but not least,______.6.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。
it is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation r, from a personal point of view find______.四．中间段落句
1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
on the contrary，there are some people in favor of the same time，they say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
but i don’t think it is a very good way to solve example， of all，___.3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country’s development and ，’s more, important of all,______.4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。
there are several measures for us to , we can______
5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to one thing，______for another，______
6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
it is high time that something was done about these measures will certainly______.7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
why______? the first reason is that second reason is third is all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
however, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
nonetheless, i believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：
i fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.五、表示结尾
short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）
what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）
all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）/therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）
is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）
in all, we cannot live without……, but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）
7.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。
in a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of in this way can ______in the future.8.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。
with the development of society, it’s urgent and necessary to every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……
from what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……
if we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.六、提出建议
1：it is high time that we put an end to the(trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）
2：there is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）
3：obviously, if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：spare no effort to + v
（不遗余力的）
七、预示后果 1：obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：no doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：it is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）
八、表示论证 1：from my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：i cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：as far as i am concerned/in my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：i sincerely believe that……==i am greatly convinced(that)从句.（我真诚地相信……）
5：finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）
九、给出原因
1：the reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）
2: this phenomenon exists for a number of ,…….second,…….third，……。
这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……
3：for one thing,…… for another thing，…… ==on the one hand,……on the other hand……一方面……另一方面……
4：i quite agree with the statement that……the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。
十、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法
1：the best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：as far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;it is obvious that……
很显然……
4：it may be true that……but it doesn't mean that…… 可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……
5;it is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that…… 认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……
6：there is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……
十一、表示好处和坏处
1：it has the following advantages.它有如下优势: 2：it is beneficial/harmful to us.==it is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处 3: it has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处
十二、表示重要、方便、可能
1：it is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……
2：it plays an important role in our life.十三、采取措施
1：we should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施 2：we should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难
3：we should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……
4：we should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难
十四、显示变化
1：some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化 2：great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化
3：it has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到… 4：the output of july in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%
十五、表明事实现状
1;we cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实…… 2：no one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实…… 3：this is a phenomenon that many people are interested in… 4: be closely related to …
（与...息息相关）
十六、进行比较
1：compared with a,b……
与a比较，b…… 2;i prefer to read rather than watch tv.十七、常用英语谚语
1：actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩 2：all is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子 3：all roads lead to rome.条条大路通罗马
4：a good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半 5：every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊 6：a miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里 7：failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母 8: industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母 9: it is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老 10: knowledge is power.知识就是力量
11: nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
提纲式作文写作模板
1、对立观点式
a.有人认为x 是好事，赞成x，为什么？
b.有人认为x 是坏事，反对x，为什么？
c.我的看法。
some people are in favor of the idea of doing point out the fact that 支持x 的第一个原因。they also argue that 支持x 的另一个原因。however, other people stand on a different consider it harmful to do firmly point out that 反对x 的第一个理由。an example can give the details of this argument: there is some truth in both i think the advantages of x overweigh the addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x 的有一个坏处。
2、批驳观点式
a．一个错误观点。
b．我不同意。many people argue that 错误观点。by saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。an example they have presented is that 一个例子。(according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。there might be some element of truth in these people's if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。there are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3、社会问题(现象)式
a．一个社会问题或者现象
b．产生的原因
c．对社会和我们生活的影响
d．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)
e．前景的预测。
nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(x has increasingly become a common concern of the public).according to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm.同上based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will……
辩论式议论文模版
（一）some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that
other people take an opposite firmly believe that
for me, i agree to the former/latter are a dozen of reasons behind my of all， importantly， important of all， summary, 总结观点。as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心。或from above, we can predict that 预测。
辩论式议论文模版
（二）people hold different views about people are of the opinion that
others point out that
far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more one thing， another， but not the least， conclude, a college student, i am supposed to 表决心。或from above, we can predict that 预测。
辩论式议论文模版
（三）there is no consensus of opinions among people about x(争论的焦点)。some people are of the view that
others take an opposite side, firmly believing that
far as i am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many reasons are of all，rmore， all of the supporting evidences, one is the is, 论据3.a natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 总结观点。as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心。或 from above, we can predict that 预测。
虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）
虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。一．if引导的非真实条件句中
1.与现在事实相反：（从句谓语动词）动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)
（主句谓语动词）
should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反：（从句谓语动词）had + 过去分词
（主句谓语动词）should/ would/could/might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反：（从句谓语动词）+动词原形 2.动词过去式
to+动词原形
（主句谓语动词）should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形
2.省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。if he had worked harder，he would have got through the exams.== had he worked harder，he would have got through the he were to leave today，he would get there by friday.==were he to leave today，he would get there by i were in your place，i wouldn’t do that.==were i in your place，i wouldn’t do that.3.有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：we didn’t know his telephone number;otherwise we would have telephoned t you help，i wouldn’t have achieved so for（“要不是。..。..”的意思）your help，i would not have succeeded.二： 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况：
1.在表示建议，要求，命令，想法的动词后的从句里，用should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。如 advise，agree，command，decide，demand，determine，grant，indicate，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，stipulate，suggest，urge，vote.常考到的是： suggest，advise，demand，require，propose，insist，order， doctor suggested that he（should）take short leave of author proposed that tv（should）be turned off at least one hour every day.2.在表示建议，要求，命令，想法的名词后的从句里，用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。如 advice，decision，agreement，command，decree，demand，determination，indication，insistence，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement，stipulation was bill’s suggestion that everyone（should）have a suggestion was that everyone（should）have a gave us a suggestion that everyone（should）have a map.3.在it is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构，should 可以省略。这类形容词常见的有： advisable，anxious，compulsory，crucial，desirable，eager，essential，fitting，imperative（绝对必要），impossible，improper，important，natural，necessary，obligatory，possible，preferable，probable，recommended，urgent，vital ’s natural that she（should）do is essential that we（should）tell her the news.4.在 lest 和 for fear that（以免），in case（以防）从句中用should，should 可以省略。
she walked quietly lest she（should）wake up her your gun ready in case we should need it.三： wish 后的 that 从句中：
1.表示现在或将来的愿望，从句中过去式。i wish i knew his address.i wish i were young.2.表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望，从句用过去完成式或would，could，might + had + 过去分词。
i wish you had written to him.3.如果将wish改成wished，其后that 从句中动词的形式不变。
4.如果that 从句中用would，一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 i wish he would answer my letter.i wish prices would come down.i wish you would help me.i wish you would stop asking silly questions.四： 在 it’s about/ high/ first（second，third etc）time 后的that 从句中，用过去式。表示“该是做什么的时候了”
it is about time you were in is high time we is the first time i came here.五： 在if only（“如果。..。就好了”的意思）感叹句中，谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。
if only he didn’t drive so fast！（现在）if only she had asked someone’s advice.（过去）if only the rain would stop.（将来）
六： 在as if / as though 从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成式。
he speaks as if he were on the spoke to me as if i were device operated as though it had been repaired.注： 1.在 as if / as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。he looks as if he is going to be ill.2.在 insist 后的从句中，如果是坚持自己，用陈述语气，坚持别人做什么事情，用虚拟语气。
she insists that she is insisted that i should finish the work at once.
高中英语选修六虚拟语气篇五
2011——2012年第一学期期末语法课考试题型
elements(10 points)
read the sentences and analyse the clause elements in each of the letters s,v,o,c and a to represent the various elements:
subject
(s)verb
(v)object
(o)complement
(c)adverbial
(a)
the first sentence is an livingstone | lived | in africa | for more than ten years.s
v
a
a
filling(20 points)fill in the blank with the verb given in the le choice(20 points)there are twenty incomplete sentences in this each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and the one that best completes the your answer in the numbered squares filling(10 points)fill in the blanks in the following short passage, using appropriate articles or other correction(10 points)this is a composition written by a 13-year-old t the grammatical errors in the following the corrected version ation(20 points)ate the following sentences into english.(2 points each)
ate the following sentences into chinese.(3 points each)
ent, question, command, exclamation(10 point)read the following headlines taken from punctuation marks have been left each headline, write in the blank the type of communicative function they serve: statement, question, command or exclamation.
