无论是身处学校还是步入社会，大家都尝试过写作吧，借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗？下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文，希望能够帮助到大家，我们一起来看一看吧。
英语动词的缩写 英语动词的三种形式篇一
author(a book)chair(a committee)
协调一个项目创建一个数据库
coordinate(a program)create(a database)
指导一个中心确立一个客户
direct(a center)establish(clientele)
发起一个合作公司改革了一种方法
initiate(a partnership)innovate(an approach)
调查了一个问题保持…纪录
investigate(a problem)keep(record)
管理一个办事处操作一种机器
manage(an office)operate(a machine)
组织会议创立一个概念
organize(a conference)originate(a concept)
调查市场管理一个实验室
research(the market)run(a lab)
培训新雇员train(new employees)进行一项研究 conduct(research)开发一种方法 develop(a method)执行一个政策 implement(a policy)建立了一种新的系统 install(a new system)维修一种设备 maintain(a facility)订购设备 order(supplies)提供分析 provide(analysis)测试一个新软件 test(a new software)
英语动词的缩写 英语动词的三种形式篇二
第十二讲 英语动词 [1]
[新e英语 沈章柱
2007-10-18]
一、动词的概念
顾名思义，动词就是表示动作的词。所谓动作，绝大多数是可以感知到的，比如汽车在开，人在看电视，太阳升起降落，等等。也有些动作不是直接能看到听到的，例如思考问题，制定方案，经济发展，等等。不管怎么说，这些动作都比较明显，直接或间接地被我们觉察出来。但是，英语动词还有一类是表示“状态”的。这些动词并没有直观的动作，它只是表示事物存在的一种状态。例如：我是一个学生。其中的“是”，在英语中就是动词；再例如：我们有一个篮球。其中的“有”也是动词；等等。这类表示状态的动词，对于初学者来说要多加留意，它们也必须按照动词的规律来使用。
二、动词的分类
1、根据动词的意义分类
(1)实义动词和非实义动词(助动词)动词属于“实词”的一种。所谓实词，就是有明确具体的含义，像名词的桌子、猫狗德行，形容词的红黄蓝绿等等，动词的哭笑、走路等等。而英语中其它的一些词类如冠词、介词等等，意义比较地空虚，所以叫做虚词。根据动词是不是有明确具体的意思，动词本身也分成所谓的实义动词和非实义动词。实义动词就是动作比较明显具体，像上面讲到的汽车在开，人在看电视，太阳升起，思考问题，制定方案，经济发展，等等。非实义动词通称为助动词，如can, may, will, shall 等等。注意：有少数动词既可以算作实义动词，也是助动词。也就是说，这些动词既可以作实义动词，在另外情况下它又是助动词，如：be, have, look, seem 等。请看例句： 例1：i have my supper at about 6:30 every day.我每在6:30 左右吃晚饭。（这儿，have 是实义动词。）例2：the students have planted many trees.学生们种了许多树。（这儿，have planted 中的have 是完成时态的助动词。）
(2)短时动词和持续动词
短时动词也称瞬时动词，是说这些动作在很短时间内就完成了，它不太可能持续很长的时间，例如：leave(离开)borrow(借), buy(买)，等等。相反，持续动词表示的是，这些动作是一种持续性的动作，它可以连续不断地发生，例如：write(写), walk(走路), sleep(睡觉)等等。
一个动作是短时动词还是持续动词，也就是动作持续时间的长或短，在英语中对于正确使用动词的时态非常有用。而有些动词，短时与长时所用的动词是不一样的。这一点在中文里是没有的，也是初学者经常遇到的问题之一。请看例句： 例1：当 tom 到达的时候，他得知 mary 已经离开将近三个小时了。
[错] when tom arrived he learned mary had left for almost three hours.因为过去完成时 had left 和 for 连用，有不停地离开的意思，英语中算作错误。
[对] when tom arrived he learned mary had been away for almost three hours.要表示持续的状态，可以改用系表结构 had been away。例2：她那天穿着一件新裙子。
[错] she put on a new dress that on 表示“穿上”的短时动作。显然，她不可能一天总是在那儿穿来穿去。
[对] she wore a new dress that 表示“穿着”的状态，是持续动词。
例3：他丢了包有三天了。
[错] he has lost his bag for three days.丢东西是很短时间发生的事，不可能连续三天才把包丢掉。for 表示持续的一段时间。
[对] he lost his bag three days ago./ it is three days since he lost his bag.1、及物动词
及物动词的意思是，谓语动词后必须接一个宾语，表明谓语动词所影响到的对像或者目标。这样，句子的意思才比较完整。例如上例中，discuss 后接了一个 the usage of verb，指出了我们讨论的对象(或目标)，整句话连起来就是：weusage(我们讨论用法)，基本上表达出了句子的主要意思。再例如：the boy see a picture on the wall.如果只说 see，听者可能就会问 see 了什么？这里候必须接一个具体的内容 a picture，这样意思就比较完整了。
及物动词在英语里用缩写 v.t.表示。
2、不及物动词
不及物动词，意思就是它不需要后面接宾语，句子意思本身就清楚了。
例如：a car is running along the 是谓语，说汽车在开。我们听到了 carfreanch)我能看懂法文，但不会说。
we read about the storm in the paper today.(read 用作不及物：read-about)从今天的报纸上我们得知今天有风暴
(2)有的词只用作不及物动词，如果要接宾语，必须后接介词。这些加了介词的不及物动词，很多有固定的意思，因而也被称作“动词短语”。例如：
he turned on the torch to look for his keys.他打开了手电筒，寻找钥匙。(turn on 与 look for)the children always lag（缓缓而行）behind when we go for a walk.(go for)我们出去散步时，孩子们总是落在后面。
2、实义动词(及物、不及物)与助动词
及物与不及物动词都是实义动词，有着明确具体的含义。相对来说，助动词的意义就比较虚了。助动词的用法在讲时态的时候还会专门讲述。这里要说的是，英语有些动词既可以做实义动词，也可以用作助动词。这一点请初学者要搞清楚。例如：
i am a student of class two.[ 这里am 是实义动词] 我是一个二班的学生。
i am playing basketball.[这里am 是助动词] 我在打篮球。
we have a clean and tidy classroom.[ have 是实义动词] 我们有一间干净整齐的教室。
we have learned 1000 words this term.[ have 是助动词] 这学期我们学了1000个单词。
3、谓语动词的变化
英语中，谓语动词的变化非常复杂。这是由英语表达的特点决定的。简单地说，英语在表示一个动作的时态，特别注意两个问题：一是动作发生的时间，是过去、现在还是将来等等；二是动作持续的状态，是做完了、正在进行、一直持续等等。同一个动作，在不同的时间、不同的状态的时候，要用动词的不同形式来表达，这就是所谓动词的过去式、一般现在时、正在进行时等等的原因。关于这方面的问题，这里只提示一下，以后讲时态的时候将专门进行讲解。例如：
he does his exercise every day.[ does 表示一般现在时，does 是单数第三人称。] 他每天都做锻炼。he is doing his exercise now.[ is doing 表示现在进行时, doing 叫现在分词。] 他正在锻炼。
he has done his exercise and for two months.[ has done 现在完成时，done 叫过去分词。] 他锻炼有两个月了。
1、限定性动词和非限定性的动词
限定与非限定动词，是从主语与谓语的搭配关系来说的。限定动词是指动词变与不变受主语的人称(第一、第二、第三人称)和是单数还是复数的限制。它主要出现在一般现在时及少数的时态中。
例如，在一般现在时中，i, you, we 和复数名词形式时谓语动词不需要进行变化；如果是单数第三人称，动词则要进行变化。(这种情况也叫“主语、谓语的一致”。)请看例句： we go to school on weekdays.我们天天上学。(we 是复数，go 不需要变化。)he goes to school on weekdays.他天天上学。(he 是第三人称单数，go 需要变成 goes。)i shall play football on saturday.我星期六将踢足球。(i 后要用 shall 表示将来。）the boys will play football on saturday.男生们星期六将踢足球。(boys 是第三人称，要用 will 表示将来。)与此相反，有些动词则不受主语的人称和单数、复数的影响，此是就叫非限定动词。非限定动词主要出现在各类非谓语动词中，因为它们都是非谓语动词，所以一般不受主语的限制。
2、规则动词和不规则动词
上面说了，动词有各种变化形式。英语动词的变化，有些是有规则的，就叫规则动词；如果没有规律，就叫不规则动词。规则与不规则动词主要出现在动词的时态中。
例如，在一般现在时中，i, you, we 和复数名词形式时谓语动词不需要进行变化；如果是单数第三人称，动词的变化则有以下的规则：
一般情况下，直接在动词后加 s，此时就叫“规则动词”。例如：
he likes watching tv.他喜欢看电视。(like 变成了 likes)it looks like a cat.它看起来像只猫。(look变成了looks)其它如：help(帮助)-helps ；come(来)teaches ；wash(洗)goes;kiss（吻）-kisses ；fix（安装）-fixes 但是有少数动词，它们的变化是没有规律的，此时就称它们为“ 不规则动词”，例如：
have(有)am / is / are 等。
在动词的过去式、过去分词的变化中，同样存在着规则变化与不规则变化。
例如：过去式 规则变化：
work(原形)worked(过去分词)；play(原形)played(过去分词)不规则变化：
sing(原形)sang(过去式)sung(过去分词)；grow(原形)grew(过去式)grown(过去分词)
3、系动词、情态动词、感官动词等
系动词：它们一般是表示事物某种状态(或缓慢变化)的动词，如：be, keep, get, remain 等等。
情态动词：是表示“能、可以、必须”等的词，如：can, may, must 等。感官动词：专门表示人的感官动作的动词，如：feel, smell, sound, taste 等等
英语动词的缩写 英语动词的三种形式篇三
英语原因动词
1.a account for b前因后果
this might account for his pessimistic views.这大概是他持消极观点的原因。
it was carelessness on the part of the young worker that accounted for the breakdown of the machine.机器损坏是由于那个青工粗心大意造成的。
her convincing analysis accounted for his seeing the point and acknowledging the corn.她的分析令人信服，使得他对问题有了认识并承认了错误。
his arthritis began to act up again, which accounted for his absence from school.他的关节炎有开始发作了，这是他未去学校的原因。
2.b arise from a前果后因
his illness arose partly from want of food.他的病有几分是因为缺乏食物所致。
it arises from the fact that the two sides cut each other’s throats in their business competition.这是双方在商业竞争中相互拆台所致。
quarrels often rise from trifles.争吵常由小事引起。
the girl’s suicide rose from those rumors about her.姑娘的自杀起因于有关她的的种种谣言。
e b to a前果后因
they ascribed the forest fire to carelessness.这次森林大火是由粗心造成的。
the champion ascribed his success to many years of hard work.这位优胜者把他的成功归因于多年的艰苦奋斗。
the old man ascribes his health to his constant exercise and change of air.这位老人把他的健康归因于坚持不懈的锻炼和呼吸新鲜空气。
ute b to a前果后因
sometimes they attribute their students’ poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence.有时候，他们把学生的理解力差归因于智力低下。
the old man attributes his good health to careful living.这位老人把自己的健康归因于擅于保养。
his success can be attributed to several factors.他的成功可以归因于几个因素。
the driver attributed the car accident to faulty brakes.司机认为，造成这一车祸的原因是刹车不灵。
5.a cause b前因后果
don’t you think what he said will cause much confusion?
难道你不认为他所说的会引起很大的混乱吗？
all her unhappiness was caused by her beauty and wealth.她的所有不幸都是由她的美貌和财富引起的。
the mistake was caused by carelessness on his part.这一错误是由于他的粗心造成的。
a sudden shout caused him to jump back.一声突如其来的喊叫吓了他一跳。
heating a steel bar will cause it to expand.加热钢条会使它膨胀。
6.b come from a前果后因
that’s what comes from disobeying the instructions.那就是不服从命令的后果。
poverty often comes of idleness.贫困往往产生于懒惰。
nothing will come out of the is but a castle in the air.这计划不会有什么结果，它只不过是空中楼阁。
7.b ensue from a 前果后因
the floods ensued from heavy rains.出现洪涝是因为下了大雨。
there was a dead silence in the room which ensued from a dreadful cry outside the house.由于屋外传来可怕的叫喊声，房间里出现了死一般的沉寂。
my bronchitis [brɔŋ'kaitis] ensued from the cold i caught last week.我这支气管炎是由于上周患感冒引起的。
b to a 前果后因
his parents impute his failure to laziness.他父母把他的失败归咎于他的懒惰。
the worker on duty imputed the accident to his own oversight.值班工人把事故归因于自己的疏忽。
i impute his failure to his careless habits.我把他的失败归因于他那粗心大意的习惯。
the fore brigade imputed the conflagration [,kɔnflə'ɡreiʃən] to lack of safety measures and devices.消防队把这场大火归因于缺乏安全措施和设施。
9.b issue from a前果后因
the secretary’s difficulties in work issue from her lack of specialized knowledge.该秘书工作上的困难是因为缺乏专业知识造成的。
the quarrel and fight issued from the woman’s high words.这场争吵和打斗是由于那女人怒气冲冲的话引起的。
their suggestions on human rights issue from democratic ideas.他们有关人权的种种建议产生于民主的思想。
10.a lead b 或a lead sb./(to do)b或a lead to b
her careless spending led her into debt.随便乱花钱使她负上了债。
relying only on his own experience led him into error.只凭经验办事使他犯了错。
the candidate’s integrity and ability led most of the voters to support him.该候选人的诚实和能力使得多数选举人都投了他的票。
curiosity led him to observe and study the lives of the wild animals.好奇心促使他对野生动物的生活加以观察和研究。
too much work and too little rest lead to illness.多劳少逸往往或导致疾病。
the mistake in design has led to disastrous consequences.这个设计上的错误造成了灾难性的后果。
11.b lie in a 前果后因，或a lie behind b
his sadness lies in his failure in the exam.他悲伤的原因是考试没及格。
it is drinking that lies behind the traffic accident.是饮酒造成了这一交通事故。
the need to get rid of certain unpopular ministers lies behind the recent cabinet changes.需要清除一些不受欢迎的大臣是近期内阁种种变动的原因。
12.b originate from/in a前果后因
the quarrel originated in a misunderstanding.这场争吵是由误解引起的。
their estrangement originated in a quarrel over money.他们关系上的疏远起因于一次为钱财而发生的争吵。
coal of all kinds has originated from the decay of plants.各种煤都是由朽烂的植物形成的。
the successful invention originated from some funny ideas.这一成功的发明产生于一些奇怪的想法。
b to a前果后因
he referred his success to the good teaching he had had.他把自己的成功归因于所获得的良好教育。
the rich man referred his wealth to his own hard work.这位富人将自己的富有归功于勤奋。
she referred her failure to bad luck instead of to lack of ability.她把失败归咎于运气不好而不是缺乏能力。
he referred his obtuseness to his childhood illness.他把自己的愚钝归咎于小时候患过疾病。
14.b result from a前果后因/ a result in b前因后果
the damage resulted from his carelessness.造成损坏的原因是他的粗心大意。
the strike resulted from the unsatisfactory working conditions.这次罢工是因工作条件不如人意而引起的。
he caught a cold, which resulted in bronchitis.他先是患了感冒，后来发展成为支气管炎。
his quick temper resulted in tense relationship between him and his fellow workers.他的急躁脾气导致了他与同事之间关系紧张。
15.a set up b前因后果
smoking set up irritation in the throat and bronchial passages.抽烟刺激喉咙并会引起气管炎。
ocean tides are set up by the pull between the earth and moon.海潮是由地球和月亮之间的吸力而引起的。
the wet weather set up the ache in my old wound.潮湿的天气使我的旧伤又痛了起来。
16.a spark b 前因后果
this dispute has sparked a major discussion on pay policy.这场争论引起了对工资政策的广泛讨论。
the move sparked violent trations in iran.这样行动在伊朗引发了强烈的反美示威游行。
broader clashes have sparked off an all-round war between the two countries.边界冲突引发了两国间的全面战争。
17.b spring from a前果后因
the idea of compiling the english-chinese dictionary sprang from our desire to promote the study of english.出于推动英语学习的目的，我们编写了这部英汉词典。
my desire to study art sprang purely from my love of art.我想学习艺术完全是由于我对它独有情钟。
his going abroad sprang from a desire to make money.他出国是想发财。
18.a stand behind b 前因后果
it is the conflict of interests between the masses and the government that stands behind the great political revolution.正是民众和政府间的利害冲突导致了这场政治大革命。
nobody could tell the reason standing behind the successful young man’s suicide.谁也无法说出这位有成就的年轻人自杀的原因。
they have no idea what stands behind the principal’s resignation.他们不明白为什么校长要辞职。
19.b stem from a前果后因
errors of this kind usually stem from carelessness.这一类错误通常是由粗心大意引起的。
the present wave of strikes stems from discontent among the lower-paid.最近罢工的浪潮是由低薪阶层的不满引起的。
class conflicts stems from the exploitation of the poor masses by a rich minority.阶级冲突起源于富人对于大多数贫苦大众的剥削。
英语动词的缩写 英语动词的三种形式篇四
英语短语动词汇总
1、lookafter照顾
2、lookat看着
3、lookfor寻找
4、lookover 检查
5、lookforwardto期待
6、looklike看起来像
7、lookup查阅（后加单词或信息）
8、comein进来
9、comeon赶快、加油
10、comeout出来、出版
11、comealong跟随一起
12、comeover随便来访
13、comedown崩塌、落下
14、comeupwith想出
15、maketea沏茶
16、makefriends交朋友
17、makethebed铺床
18、makeit做成19、makeamistake犯错误
20、makedecision做决定
21、makeup占去、构成22、makefaces做鬼脸
23、makesure确保
24、makeupone’smind决心
25、turnon打开（水龙头、电器）
26、turnoff关上（水龙头、电器）
27、turnup开大
28、turndown关小
29、turnright向右转30、turnleft向左转
31、turnover（使）翻滚、（使）倾覆、32、getup起床
33、getdown记下、使……沮丧
34、getdown上（车、马等）、进展
35、getoff下（车、马等）、出发
36、getback回家、寻回
37、geton/alongwith与……相处
38、giveout分发、送出
39、giveaway捐出40、giveup放弃
41、givein屈服
42、giveaconcert开音乐会
43、givetalk作报告
44、givelesson上课
45、puton穿上
46、putup张贴、举起
47、putaway放好、收拾起来
48、putoff推迟
49、takeoff脱下50、taketurns轮流
51、takeaway拿走
52、takephotos拍照
53、takeone’splace代替某人
54、gofishing去钓鱼
55、gotoameeting去开会
56、gotothemovies去看电影
57、gotoschool去上学
58、gohome回家
59、gobad变坏60、gowrong走错61、goon继续、进展62、goalong/down/up沿着……（上、下）63、goover复习、仔细检查64、haveacold感冒65、haveacough咳嗽66、have/takemedicine吃药67、haveatry尝试一下68、havealook看一看69、havearest休息一下70、haveaseat就座71、havesportmeeting举行运动会72、havesport进行运动73、havesupper/dinner晚餐、晚宴74haveanidea(of……)知道……
英语动词的缩写 英语动词的三种形式篇五
主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 表语predicative 定语attributive 状语adverbial adjunct 补足语complement 同位语appositive
英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被动式）
不定式
to do : 有to be done（被动式）;to have done（完成式）;to be doing（进行式）
动名词
doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被动式）;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一．
动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．to learn a foreign language is difficult.2． his wish is to be a driver.3．tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4．the teacher told us to do morning exercises.5．i have nothing to say.6．they went to see their aunt.7．it’s easy to see their aunt.8．i don’t know what to do next.9．i heard them make a noise.说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
i have no choice but to give in i cannot do anything but give in i saw him enter the classroom.（但是： he was seen to enter the classroom.）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。’s necessary for you to study ’s foolish of him to do it.与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说we think to obey the laws is important.而说we think it important to obey the laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系：
he has a lot of meeting to lend me something to write is looking for a room to live he is looking for a room to live has no money and no place to live(in).i think the best way to travel(by)is on is no time to think(about).2）主谓关系：
she is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----i’m going to the post office , for i have a letter to post.(逻辑主语是i)-------thank i have no letters to be posted now
(逻辑主语不是i)7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1）原因
he is lucky to get here on time.这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2)目的
he came to help me with my maths.3)结果
i hurried to get there only to find him book is too hard for the boy to is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作补足语
i saw him play in the street just now.能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
he was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词
learning english is very difficult.学英语非常困难。
his job is driving a bus.他的工作是开车。i enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。
i have got used to living in the country.我已经习惯了住农村。
take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构：
1．there’s no telling what will happen.=it’s impossible to tell what will happen.= no one can tell what will happen.2．it’s no use talking with ’s no good speaking to them like that.3．there’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do …
有意要做某事 mean doing …
意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …
尽力去做某事 try doing
试着做某事 learn to do …
学着去做某事 learn doing …
学会做某事
stop to do …
停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing …
停止做某事 go on to do …
接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事 used to do …
过去做某事 be used to doing …习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达
n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who)be doing的含义 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：his coming made us very happy.4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： this room needs painting.这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , se , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分词 the story is interesting.i’m interested in it.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。 is a moving film.这是一部动人的电影。
secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。 more time , i’ll do it well.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
when he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
do you know the woman talking to tom ?
= do you know the woman who is talking to tom ? the soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= the soldier who was wounded in the war has become a is a developing country and america is a developed country.2．分词作表语 the news sounds got very excited.1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： the news is is interested in he news 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。2）表语与被动式的区别：
the blackboard was broken by xiao ming.（强调动作）
the blackboard is ’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
the situation in our country is encouraging.(表语)the situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)my job is looking after the little baby.(动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如： how is the situation in our country ? it is is your job ? my job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词： seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：i seated myself on the chair.i was seated on the chair.6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。having finished the homework , i went home.（时间）being a party member , i should work hard.（原因）given more time ,i can do my work better.（条件）he ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴随）
to get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)he is old enough to join the army.（结果）7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that i should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： i have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(将来)the building being built on the river is the science museum.（正在进行）the building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.（过去）9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(错误)seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正确）
seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系 练习
i.单项选择
of the people _____ to the party were famous d invite invited ng
2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand being told had been told was told told
reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the have rested g rest next morning she found the man ______ in bed ,
purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more make to make making not make olympic games , _____ in 776 b.c., did not include women plays until playing be first played played be first playing 7.---you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----well , now i regret do be doing have done visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay added add 9._______ a reply , he decided to write receiving ing not having received not received speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself hear g
robert is said ___ abroad , but i don’t know what country be studied have studied study be studying have been studying ii.用动词的正确形式填空
tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).he always works hard. computer centre , ______(open)last year , is very popular among the students in this on _____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： i 1.a 2.c 3.c 4.a 5.b 6.c 7.d 8.c 9.c 10.d ii be taken; learn;; do;
非谓语动词练习: 1.i really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice have had time
time
have time
having time could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was
ed
ing
admit order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more make
have made
made _______, the museum will be open to the public next ted
ting
completed
be completed a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy see
be seen
manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further g
know
known man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right
seen
have seen
see discovery of new evidence led to thief having caught
the thief
thief being caught
thief to be caught looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a
be putting
put
g apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the being not able
not to be able
not being able
to be not able ly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the g;disappeared
;disappeared
g;disappearing
;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at wait
waited
waited
have waited ’t leave the water ______ while you brush your
g
run
run 1 flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and g
ing caused
be caused
have caused flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty smell
ng
be smelt you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big bills
ting
forget news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already tell
be told
g
been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the
pass
g were silly not ________ your lock
have locked
g
locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at e
comparing
ing
compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, arnold decided to his boss for face
faced
storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this
have caused
cause
caused been attacked by terrorists, s came to their rescue
tall building collapsed
emergency measure was taken
gs were given to the tourists 24.-----english has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
-----yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to communicate and
g
know
watching tv, __ doorbell rang
doorbell rings
heard the doorbell ring
heard the doorbell rings is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great have had
had
27.i couldn’t do my home work with all that noise on
on
on
go on 28.i don’t want ________ like i’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is sound
be sounded
ng
have sounded last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic g
sat
sit
30.i really can’t understand _________ her like treat
to treat
treat
treating bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight robbed
been robbed
have been robbed
32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different grow
g
the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be completed
completed
be completed
ted was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong repaired
be repaired
ed one had told smith about __________ a lecture the following being
be
would be
was 36.i’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone
share
g
have shared this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side ue
b having continued
uing
ued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished girl was educated
girl educated
girl’s educating
girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made allan pay any attention to _________ his ng;correcting
ing scolded;correct
scolded;correcting
been scolded;correct stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ smoking
smoke
g
41.a brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of iraqi ex-president saddam hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by us
ing
be caught
catch 42.-----what happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?
-----i lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things worse, it began to
make
made
43.------did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?
------i meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the have mentioned;were
have;are
ning;have been
have been mentioned;had been no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to
g
run
be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any ;blame
ered;say
regard;scold
ering;speak two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other been found
found
be found
4 bird flu _______ through asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ ;killed
;killing
ng;to kill
ng;killing 4 speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to concerned
concerned
ned
ning no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without to want anyone
no one
wanting anyone
want no one 50.a remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 been injured
injured
ng
d 51.-----what’s matter with tim?
------’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ find
be found
g
found offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the finishing
not been finished
having finished
being finished ___________ nature resources, the area is well
g of
g
in worried me most was ________to go abroad not allowing
not allowed
being not allowed
not being allowed job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in put
g
put
put
answer: 1-5 baaab
6-10 adcdc
11-15 dcbcb
16-20 abdbd
21-25cdbac
26-30 daadd
31-35cbcda
36-40 addaa
41-45abbba
46-50dddcc 51-55 bdcda
