摘要:公众参与公共政策制定过程中,参与公众本身存在以下问题:参与公众的参与水平发育不均衡;参与公众本身整体上正处于发育阶段;参与公众的结构不合理;参与公众的组织化程度较低且发展不平衡;参与公众的参与需求旺盛但理性、能力不足;参与公众参与过程中理性和情绪的失衡。至少在现阶段,作为参与主体的公众仍然处于发育阶段,其成熟程度还难以支撑充分有效有序大规模的政治参与。
所以,不仅要促进公众参与,更要促进公众本身的发育和成熟。促进参与公众本身发展的措施包括:推动社会阶级—阶层结构由金字塔形结构向菱形结构的转变;普及政策参与的公民教育;促进非政府组织发展;深化政治体制改革。
关键词:公共政策;参与公众;政策参与;政策制定 Abstract:In the process of public policy formulation the public who participate in the formulation show the following problems They are not at the same cognitive level in participation, and they are just in an immature phase as a whole The structural and organizational imbalance makes them not fully rational and qualified to do well in participation which is required more And they will view something sometimes in participation impetuously The facts reveal that their present maturity is hard to support the largescale political participation orderly and efficiently So, the growth and maturity are important and necessary to the public who are encouraged to participate in policy formulation, of which some measures to be taken include fostering the transformation of pyramidtype social structure into rhombictype one, propagating the civil education for participating in policy formulation, expediting the development of nongovernmental organizations especially deepening the political reform Key words:public policy; the public; participation; policy formulation 扩大公众参与,推动公众参与公共政策制定不仅是整个政治文明建设的趋势、潮流,而且已经是党和政府明确的目标和价值导向。扩大公民有序的政治参与,推动公众参与公共政策制定,就很有必要对作为参与主体的公众本身的发育和成熟程度进行分析,以此为制定和推行相应的政策和策略奠定认识基础。
目前对公众参与的研究大多集中在公众参与的必要性、意义、渠道等方面,对参与公众本身的发育和成熟程度缺乏深入的研究。但是,不深入认识和把握参与公众本身的发育和成熟程度,就难以有效应对和引导公众参与的潮流。
本文集中分析公共政策制定过程中参与公众的发育和成熟程度,并就促进参与公众的发育和成熟提出若干建议。
一、 公共政策制定过程中参与 公众的发展现状 1 参与公众的参与水平发育不均衡 首先,参与主体权利—利益意识的不均衡。一般而言,大城市的公众权利意识要强一些,农村和小城镇的公众权利意识要弱些;教育程度高的公众权
