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超弹性NiTi形状记忆合金棒力学性能研究

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超弹性NiTi形状记忆合金棒力学性能研究
时间:2022-11-18 02:18:47     小编:

摘要:研制了具有2种化学成分的超弹性NiTi形状记忆合金(NiTi SMA)圆截面棒材,并对其进行了力学性能试验研究,分析了应变幅值、加载速率对2种SMA棒的应力应变曲线以及等效刚度、单位循环耗能、等效阻尼比和残余应变等力学性能参数的影响。通过有限元软件对SMA棒的力学性能进行了数值模拟,并对比了有限元模拟结果与试验结果。结果表明:超弹性SMA棒可提供较大的输出力和良好的复位性能,适合作为复位部件及辅助耗能部件用于工程结构的减振控制;数值模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好,采用有限元方法可较为准确地模拟超弹性SMA棒的力学性能。

关键词:形状记忆合金棒;标准试件;超弹性;复位能力;力学性能

中图分类号:TU352.1文献标志码:A

Abstract: NiTi superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) circular section bars with two types of chemical compositions were developed, and the mechanical performance tests were carried out. The influences of strain amplitude, loading rate on the stressstrain curve and the performance parameters such as equivalent stiffness, energy dissipation per cycle, equivalent damping ratio and residual strain of the two SMA bars were analyzed. The mechanical performance of SMA bars was simulated by finite element software, and the simulated results were compared with the test results. The results indicate that the developed superelastic SMA bars are suitable for the recentring and supplementary energy dissipation components in seismic control due to their large output force and excellent superelastic effect. The numerical results agree well with the test results, and the finite element method can accurately simulate the mechanical performance of SMA bars.

Key words: shape memory alloy bar; standard specimen; superelasticity; recentring property; mechanical performance

0引言

形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,简称SMA)是一种新型功能材料,它具有独特的形状记忆效应和超弹性特性。超弹性是记忆合金材料的主要特性之一,即SMA产生较大的变形,在外力撤除后能够回复到变形前的形状,且应力应变关系呈现非线性特征。值得注意的是,上述带有明显滞回特征的应力应变曲线是由SMA内部固体相变过程所引起的,因此,不会导致材料的损伤。此外,SMA还具有良好的抗腐蚀和抗疲劳特性。鉴于SMA具有的优良性能,其在几乎所有的工业领域均有研究与应用[1]。

SMA在土木工程领域的研究始于20世纪90年代,Graesser等[2]首先提出了将SMA用于工程结构隔震耗能的思想。随后,国际上兴起了研究SMA隔震、减振结构的热潮,各国学者提出了多种含有SMA丝材的隔震器和阻尼器[312]。近年来,随着材料科学与加工技术的进步,SMA已不再局限于丝材,大尺寸SMA开始应用于结构耗能减振装置的研究[1316]。

1试验概况 1.1试验材料

4结语

(2)应变幅值和加载速率对SMA棒的力学性能有较为显著的影响。SMA棒的等效刚度随应变幅值的增加而减少,单位循环耗能与等效阻尼比均随应变幅值的增大而增加;随着加载速率的增加,SMA棒的等效刚度增大,单位循环耗能和等效阻尼比均减小;SMA棒的残余应变随着应变幅值和加载速率的增加而增大。

(3)研制的SMA棒在0.06应变幅值下和高加载速率下能够提供小于0.002的残余应变,该值明显低于以往研究中SMA棒在相同试验条件下的残余应变值;同时,该SMA棒的输出力较大且具有一定的耗能能力,因此,本文中的2种SMA棒性能良好,适合用于结构减振控制装置自复位部件及辅助耗能部件的研发。

(4)有限元计算结果能够较为准确地反映SMA棒试件的超弹性力学特性,同时SMA棒试件的有限元模拟结果能够再现力学性能试验中难以观测到的现象,这表明采用有限元模拟的方法对SMA棒的力学性能进行分析是有效和必要的。参考文献:

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