无论是身处学校还是步入社会，大家都尝试过写作吧，借助写作也可以提高我们的语言组织能力。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写？这里我整理了一些优秀的范文，希望对大家有所帮助，下面我们就来了解一下吧。
介绍北京导游词50字篇一
during the yongle period of the ming dynasty, it was called chengtian was just a wooden archway, which means "to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven". however, it was burned down in the mingdynasty. later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperor's respect of 95. but at the end of mingdynasty, it was destroyed again. during the reign of emperor shunzhi of the qingdynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed tian'anmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed dai'an, and the three mainhalls of the forbidden city were renamed dai'he, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. this is what we are looking at now. it iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. the base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient china, with aheight of 1.59 meters. the platform is 14.6 meters high. and the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. the whole building is 33.7 meters high. after70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.
this is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. inthe ming and qing dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of "jinfeng imperial edict" was held on the city tower. after theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved golden phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. the golden phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. the officials of the ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the dragon pavilion to praise the ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )and whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. the most important moment for new china was also bornhere. the chairman solemnly announced the founding of new china on the tiananmengate tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.
the river in front of tiananmen tower is called jinshui river. then why isit called jinshui river? because this river is drawn from the northwest ofbeijing, and in the yin yang and five elements, the west belongs to jin and thenorth belongs to water, so this river is named jinshui river, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are jinshui bridge. the two bridges next to themare called gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the cultural palace of the working people andzhongshan park. the one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. the two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. the two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.
in front of jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. howcan we tell the male from the female? because the male master's foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. there were a pair of huabiaobefore and after tiananmen square. in fact, the original name of huabiao was feimu. it was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into today's huabiao. the monster at the top ofit is called hou. the one on the north china watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the people's one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.
now please turn back. behind us is tiananmen square. in the ming and qingdynasties, it was t-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. on bothsides of the royal road, there were qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. on the south side of chang'an street, with the red wall extending to theeast and west, there were 34 corridors, so qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. atthe southernmost end of the imperial road, damingmen was in the ming dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the qing dynasty; the gates on the east andwest sides are chang'an left gate and chang'an right gate, which are also calledlongmen and humen respectively. after the scientific examination, huang bangannounced in the left gate of chang'an that the jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called longmen. the reason forhumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of chang'an, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace hukou is called humen. these are all related to the five elements.
in ancient china, there was a saying of "wendongwuxi", so on the east andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of wufu liubu. on the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the great hallof the people, are the five army governor's office and the secret service royalguards. in order to facilitate these officials to enter the imperial city, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsidelongmen humen.
now we can't see the trace of that time. instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.
on the west side of the square is the great hall of the people. it startedconstruction in october 1958 and lasted for one year. it was completed beforethe national day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. the wholebuilding is like a "mountain". the highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in tiananmen square. the great hall is spanidedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand people'scongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. there is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. the decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the party central committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in china; in the south is the officebuilding of the national people's congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as chongqing hall, hong kong hall, etc.
in the northeast of the square is the museum of the chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on july 1, 61. the main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the may 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. southeast of the square is thechinese history museum. its predecessor is the beijing history museum. in 26, itwas changed into the national history museum. four years later, it was changedinto the beiping history museum of academia sinica. in april 34, it was changedinto the preparatory office of the central museum and the beiping historymuseum. its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofxia, shang and zhou dynasties to the end of qing dynasty.
facing the tiananmen gate tower is the monument to the people's ing to the resolution of the first plenary session of the chinese people'spolitical consultative conference in september 49, the monument to the people'sheroes was built in tiananmen square. more than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. finally, itwas decided that liang sicheng's design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. that's what we see today.52.8.1 was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. the 100 ton core stone was transported from qingdao to beijing. after aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. the body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. the base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.
the front of the monument faces tiananmen square and is inlaid with goldplate. the chairman wrote "the people's heroes are immortal". on the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by premier zhou(over the past three years, the people's heroes who died in the people'sliberation war and the people's revolution are immortal) over the past 30 years,the people's heroes who died in the people's liberation war and the people'srevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand people's freedom and happiness, the people's heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. there are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. from the east, the order is: humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the wuchang movement, the 54 movement, the may 30 movement,the nanchang uprising, the anti japanese war, and the victory across the both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the people's liberation army. thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.
to the south of the monument to the people's heroes is the chairman'smemorial hall. the construction of the memorial hall started on november 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairman's death. in front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. the south gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. the 30 redflags outside the south gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inchina. the platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the dadu river. around the foundation stone are stones from mounteverest and water from the chinese taiwan strait. the main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden phoebe gate on the south side of the north hall, where the chairman'sbody is placed; the south hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairman's poem "manjianghong" is engraved. on the east and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old the memorial room of deng xiaoping has been added.
behind the chairman's memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,zhengyang gate. in the past, zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the lord was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. now it's the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in beijing.
in the ming and qing dynasties, the traffic hub between xicheng andnancheng was qipan street. now it is probably located in the square between thechairman's memorial hall and zhengyangmen tower.
in fact, tiananmen square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. zeng liansong, the designer of china's nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. this super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. at the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew china.
the original flagpole base of tian'anmen square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. so the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on february 25, 1991. the plane of the new baseis three layers. the first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. the second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. the third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. in addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.
the new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by shougang. it isspanided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. it will notrust in 20 years.
the flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. the national anthem is played. during festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. if you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.
介绍北京导游词50字篇二
hello, everyone. have you ever been to beijing?
what's the weather like in beijing?
beijing's cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? look atthe wind! as long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. what'sthe wind blowing in winter? what's the wind blowing in summer? the primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. please remember. a student stood up and said: no, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round
you choose to come to beijing at the end of october. generally speaking,the time is very good. it's neither cold nor hot. it's an ideal tourist seasonin beijing. as the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. it's a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; it's a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. i hope we have agood time to travel, and i hope i am a good guide.
i'd like to introduce myself. my family name is li and my name is you met me, i wish you good luck every day. li is muzi li. you can call medirector li, but don't call me director li. you can also call me xiao li, butdon't add zi. xiao li is li lianying, the eunuch next to empress dowager is an incomplete man. besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. i was born on december 26. what's the specialsignificance of this day? my mother's birthday is also on this day, and myemperor taizu's birthday is also on december 26. my emperor taizu is chairmanmao zedong. i want to have the same birthday as a great man. i can't be worse inmy life. but after living for more than 20 years, i found that i'm not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on so far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesn't matter. as the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so i still have toconfidently take everyone's activities in beijing these days.
in addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. our master has more than ten years of driving experience. heusually receives deputies to the national people's congress, and receives vipguests and athletes during the olympic games. there has been no accident formore than ten years. he is very professional and safe. during our time inbeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. we have to work hard for him in thenext few days. let's give him some applause first!
although the roads in beijing are very broad now, beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. during our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. i hope you can understand.
people live on food. when they come to beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. when they come out, they won't be as comfortable asthey are at home. especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in beijing is very bad. what is despair? despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, eat the first one: "is there anythingworse in the world?" eat the second one "kao! it's really there!" although thegroup meal is bad, it's still quite hygienic. you can rest assured to eat principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. when you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. if wedon't have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. if you come back to china for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. you'd better have what you want (for hong kong and overseaschinese).
next is the accommodation. beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. people come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin beijing are not as good as those in other places. then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to tiananmen square). in the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. when we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. the three things you mustdo when you come to beijing are climbing the great wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. i think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we haven't arranged to watch acrobatics. i'mvery sorry. about in the neolithic age, chinese acrobatics had sprouted. soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in china. spaning, rings andother sports in our olympic games are all evolved from acrobatics. trampoline,which was officially an olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from 's trampoline won two olympic gold medals in 20__ beijing olympic e people can be proud to announce to the world that we can't do football,we can't do track and field, we can't do swimming pool, but we can't do it inbed! chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inbeijing. during the olympic games, all foreign leaders came to china to watchacrobatic performances. modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. it really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting beijing during this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. if you don't go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.
the most important thing to come to beijing is to visit. apart fromclimbing the great wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? generally speaking, we can enter guangzhou to watch cars, fly toguilin to watch mountains, go to xi'an to watch tombs, visit beijing to watchwalls, pass tianjin to watch docks, visit qinghai to watch the source, visittibet to watch buddha's head, visit nanjing to watch stones, visit shanghai towatch people's heads drunk, visit shanghai to watch people's heads;unforgettable hangzhou girl. what you see in beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. if you join this tour group and meet guide xiao li, you are ina beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. can't get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. especially when there are many touristsin beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inbeijing!
beijing is the capital of liao, jin, yuan, ming and qing dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in chinese history. its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient chinese urban planning, and is known as "thegreatest inspanidual project of human beings on the surface of the earth". weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of let's briefly introduce the situation of beijing.
beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is spanided into18 districts. beijing is surrounded by hebei province. from the map, hebeiprovince surrounds the whole of beijing, and it is not far from beijing
chengde mountain resort is the largest classical royal garden in china. in1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in china. in 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. it is very worth seeing. if we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.
the terrain of beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / are more than 16 million permanent residents in beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.
to this end, beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. the cost of bus is also very cheap. basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. we work in the suburbs because it's expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. although it's cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in beijing is not very rich. talk about the four idiots in beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. the poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.
the starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. in addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. the cost of the subway is also very cheap. itcosts 2 yuan to get through. as long as you don't go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.
good health is really good. according to official statistics, the averagelife span of beijingers has reached 80 years old. before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. why? with the improvement of living standards, chinesesociety is developing, and beijing is developing. in the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. in the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too the jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. we can also buy it now. themedicinal materials of tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the empress dowagercixi, who used to take the wuji baifeng pill of tongrentang all the year we can also buy it. we can also buy the royal cloisonne ornaments. in short,the royal family can eat, wear and play good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperor's harem three thousand, so many women we can't do. when we cometo beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. they can support the developmentof beijing's tourism industry and improve our taste in life. when it comes totaste, men are spanided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. women can be spanided into fourclasses. first class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties shenzhenzhuhai, third class beauties beijing shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.
so what do we usually call a beautiful woman in beijing? the older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called lly speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. children are called children. but pure beijingers, that is, oldbeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. i don't call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. call him or not, call him ya. i don't care if you call meinside. call a woman a woman, not a woman. call a man a man, not a man. call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. a lover is not called a lover, but an ace.i don't call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.
this is beijing's address, tianjin's address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. there are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she won't call brothers. some call uncle, but not uncle. that is tosay, no matter what is your father's ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your father's younger brother is not uncle. in a word, it'sbasically shouting. that's what tianjin is called. tianjin is called the backgarden of beijing. during holidays, beijingers will drive there for n is more than 100 kilometers away from beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to tianjin. if we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.
the road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. the capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. there are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. it is fully closed andinterchange. the design speed is 120 km / h. the starting point is takes 10 minutes from sanyuanqiao to the capital international sway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. the use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. the capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to china. no matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter beijing from thisexpressway.
usually when we talk about beijing, where is it called beijing? accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called beijing. sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. whatis "three yuan"? the imperial examination system is called "three yuan". thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is jieyuan, huiyuan and the number one scholar. one afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called lianzhong the qing dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called children's examination. those who enter for theexamination are called tong sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledxiucai. the first one is called desk. the formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. the examinees are scholars from all over the country. after passing theexamination, they are called juren, and the first place is "jieyuan"; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the ministry of examinees are juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledgongsheng, and the first place is "huiyuan"; the imperial examination was heldin the palace. the emperor personally presided over the examination. thecandidates were gongsheng, who were called jinshi after winning the imperial examination system in ancient china has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.
介绍北京导游词50字篇三
old summer palace is located in the western suburbs of beijing city,eastern haidian district. the original qing dynasty a large royal river, coversan area of about 5200 acres, the layout is inverted triangle, a total area of350 hectares. old summer palace " garden of gardens " good name, it was built inthe qing emperor qian long years, the original pavilions, terraces and openhalls at more than 140, a total area of 3500000 square meters. it's land areaand the construction of the imperial palace, water area and is a the summerpalace.
the history of old summer palace, is composed of old summer palace,changchun garden, yee spring garden ( wanchun garden ). three park tightlyadjoin, commonly known as the old summer palace. a total area of 5200 acres (350 hectares ), the entire range of larger than the the summer palace nearlyqianmu. it is feudal emperors in qing dynasty more than 150 years, by creatingand operating a large royal palace. yong zheng, qianlong, jiaqing emperordaoguang, xianfeng, five, had been living in the old summer palace leisurelyenjoyment, and in this holding assembly, and politics, it is similar to theforbidden city ( the imperial palace) as the political center of the country,was clear dili special called " royal park ".
old summer palace was originally granted to his four son of emperor kangxiyin zhen (later emperor yong zheng the garden ). kangxi in forty-six years thatthe year 1707, park has begun to take shape. in november the same year, emperorkangxi had at the old summer palace tours. the emperor yong zheng ascended thethrone in 1723, expanding the original grant park, and in the south parkbuilding be open and aboveboard temple main hall and the cabinet, and in six,the value of real military department, to avoid the " royal master ". in the 60year of the reign of emperor qian long, one day, old summer palace construction,repair, dredges the water shift stone, silver million fee. in addition to hisold summer palace built on local, alterations, and the east new changchun park,in the southeast of adjacent incorporated qi spring garden. in the thirty-fiveyears to 1770 three, the yuan ming garden pattern is formed basically. dynasty,mainly on qi spring garden was renovated and the extension of the building,which became the main garden occupies the place of one. daoguang dynasty, statedeclines, shortage of financial resources, but rather from chaenomeles,xiangshan, yuquan " hills", furnishings, jehol and magnolia summer hunting,still did not give up the three park renovation and decoration.
old summer palace, garden not only known, but also a collection of theroyal museum, very rich, is a cultural treasure house. hugo once said: "even ifthe ( french ) all notre dame all the treasures together, the same can not belarge and magnificent huang museum comparable to the east. " the luxuriousfurnishings exquisite, has a large collection of art treasures. according to theold summer palace seen westerners description, " park splendid brilliant scene,not to can trace the color so called, nor the europeans can see ". " all kindsof valuable treasures, are accumulated in the royal cottage hotel, numeroushouseholds. " the finest sandalwood carved furniture, exquisite ancientporcelain and enamel bottle lamp broken lines, zhijin silver brocade fabric,carpet, leather, gilded gold french clock, exquisite old summer palace layout,gem embedded hunting figure, landscape character true to life likeness of theplaque, and their various other artistic products and a variety of europeanlustrous and dazzling. ornaments, have everything that one expects to find.
old summer palace is the artificial creation of a grand scale, thebeautiful scenery of the landscape. flat mountain and water purification,landscape architecture, plant more trees and flowers. in the discontinuoushills, winding surface and pavilions, winding corridor, island, bridgeembankment, the vast space into a size of more than 100 landscape encircle,interest varied scenery group. the water park is about three 4/10 of the totalarea of the park, on the ground in artificial cut the medium small surface, bycircle rayon flow channel is connected in series with a complete water system ofrivers and lakes. park and decorated with stacked has greatly small hill 250,and drainage combined with mountains, water, hill because of live water, formedthe mountain complex water transfer, layer upon layer of garden space. theentire landscape as jiangnan like smoke blurred, true it may be said: althoughpeople do, since the days of the wan.
old summer palace embodies the ancient chinese gardening art essence, wasthe most splendid large-scale landscape. the emperor qian long said: " it is yaobao kobold region, emperor yu tour, no more than this ". and gardens in theworld history of architecture also occupies an important position. itspopularity to europe, known as the " garden of gardens ". the famous frenchwriter hugo in 1861 had this to say: " you just imagine it is a thrillinglonging, as the moon castle like building, summer palace ( the old summer palace) is a building. " people often say : the greek parthenon temple in egypt,pyramid, rome coliseum, oriental palace. "it is a matter of the incomparablemasterpiece as the acme of perfection ".
old summer palace the world garden, to ten years xianfeng, in 1860 october,by british and french troops barbarian raid burned down, become china's modernhistory of humiliation history page.
now the old summer palace ruins park, the site for the theme, forming asolid history and full of vibrant garden atmosphere a unique combination oftourism landscape, not only has the important political and historical value, itis a unique tourist destination. the tragedy of old summer palace was destroyed,was the symbol of national humiliation, the rebirth of the old summer palace,has become and will continue to make efforts to become the chinese nation, thetestimony of increasingly thriving and prosperous. with the introduction ofspecial planning, 20___ basically completed the old summer palace ruins parkgoal has been clearly shown in front of us.
we firmly believe that a green old summer palace will become a bright pearlof green olympic games; a basic integrity of the old summer palace will become abright spot of humanistic olympics.
介绍北京导游词50字篇四
各位朋友：此刻呢，我们来到了天安门广场，我先为大家做一个简单的介绍，天安门广场是目前世界上最大的城市中心广场，它位于北京市区的中心.天安门广场呈长方形，南北长880米，东西宽500米，总面积44万平方米。如果人们肩并肩地站在广场上，整个广场可容纳100万人，就是说全北京总人口的1/13都能够同时站在那里，够大的吧!
在明清时期广场可没有这么大，当时它呈“t”字形，“t”字的那一横就是我们这天的长安街，那一竖就是从此刻的国旗杆前至毛主席纪念堂前的这一长条形区域，在这一区域的两侧是按文东武西的格局分布着当时政府机关。解放后，原先广场两侧的建筑被拆除，从而构成了这天广场的基本格局。
在天安门广场的四周，有很多著名的建筑，此刻我为大家以顺时针方向做一个简单介绍，就让我们以广场西侧的人民大会堂开始吧!人民大会堂位于天安门广场西侧，是全国人民代表参政、议政、举行重大会议，当家作主行使主权的地方，建成于1959年，最高处46.5米，是此刻广场上的最高建筑。整个大会堂由三部分组成，南部为人大常委会办公楼，中部为万人大会堂，北端是国宴大厅，整座建筑自设计到完工只用了10个月，是我国建筑史上的一个奇迹。
在广场的北端是大家都很熟悉的天安门城楼，它是新中国的象征，就是在天安门城楼上，1949年10月1日毛主席向全世界人民庄严宣告，“中华人民共和国成立了!中国人民从此站起来了!”：
广场的东侧矗立着中国历史博物馆及中国革命博物馆，完工于1959年，那里是收藏并展览中国古代、近代历史文物及革命文物的主要场所。
在人民英雄纪念碑的南面是毛主席纪念堂，原先在那里曾有一座门，明代叫大明门，清代叫大清门，民国时又改为中华门，解放后拆除，1976年毛主席逝世后在其基址上建起了庄严肃穆的毛主席纪念堂。纪念堂建成于1977年，是为纪念伟大领袖毛主席而建，此刻毛主席的遗体安然地躺在水晶棺中，供人们凭吊、瞻仰、表达深深的敬意。
广场的正中，巍巍耸立着中国第一碑——人民英雄纪念碑，它是为了纪念那些自1840年鸦片战争至1949年中华人民共和国成立这一百多年来为中华民族的独立及自由而抛头颅、洒热血的人民英雄们而建。整座纪念碑高37.94米，座落在双层基座之上，碑座四周镶嵌有八幅汉白玉浮雕，反映了中国近百年革命历史。纪念碑的背面是毛主席起草，周总理手书的碑文，正面是毛主席亲笔题写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个镏金大字。
天安门广场是中国近代革命的见证人，反帝反封建的五四运动、三˙一八惨案、一二˙九都发生在那里。天安门广场也是新中国诞生的见证人，更是这天人民幸福生活的见证人。此刻，它已被全国人民评为“中国第一景”，每一天都有来自海内外的朋友们到此参观游览。
好!不多说啦!各位必须想在那里照几张相吧此刻就请各位自由拍照，10分钟后我们在北面国旗杆处集合，谢谢大家!
介绍北京导游词50字篇五
北京故宫导游词
亲爱的游客们，我是你们的导游，我姓张，能够叫我小张，也能够叫我张导。请不要在墙上、古代物品上刻画，也不要乱扔垃圾哦!
故宫位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。它是明代和清代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古代建筑群，被誉为五大宫之首。
故宫开始建造于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是公元1406年至1420年。
你们看!故宫的四个漂亮的大门，我来告诉你它们的名字吧!正门名为午门，俗称五凤楼。午门一般只有皇帝才能够出入呢!状元、榜眼和探花的人只能够从此门出入一次。后门“神武门”，明朝为“玄武门”，因为玄武是古代四神兽之一。清代康熙年间因避讳改为“神武门”。“东华门”与“西华门”是个“对门”门外设有下马碑石，门内金水河南北流向，上架石桥一座，桥北还有三座门。
快点儿，快点儿，快点儿去太和门吧!太和门里有三座大殿，分别是太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，你们自己去看看吧!二十分钟之后记得回来找我哦!
看!那儿是内廷，内廷就是皇帝、皇后和妃子们生活的地方。快去看看吧!因为内廷比较长，所以拿着你们手中的地图，三十分钟后我们在御花园里碰面哦!
御花园里鸟语花香，草木茂盛。各位家长注意孩子的安全，不要让他们爬假山。还有不要折鲜花和小草哦!
哦，我们到出口了。好了，我们这次的故宫游玩到此结束了。如果下次还想来北京故宫要记得找我哦!在回家的路上要注意安全哦!
介绍北京导游词50字篇六
各位游客大家好，接下来，我们将前往香山公园景区。首先，请允许简要地介绍一下景区的概况。香山公园位于海淀区，北京市西郊,是国家aaaa级景区，北京市精品公园，20_年通过iso9001国际质量管理体系和iso14001国际环境管理体系认证。景区占地180余公顷，是一座历史悠久、文化底蕴丰富、具有山林特色的皇家园林。
香山公园历史悠久，文物古迹众多,早在1186年就出现了人文景观。香山寺曾为京西寺庙之冠。
在辽代，这里是私人宅邸。当时有个中丞名阿勒弥者，见这里山青水秀，遂建宅舍。金世宗完颜雍大定二十六年(1186)，始在此山建大永安寺，亦叫甘露寺，即现在香山寺之前身。金章宗时，又在此建会景楼和祭星台建筑，从此皇家苑囿的规模初步形成。清乾隆十年(1745)，动用了大批人力、物力、财力，对香山进行了大规模建设，形成了盛清时期京西“三山五园”之一，即"静宜园"。此时园内景物非凡，建筑多样，各式的亭台楼阁、廊轩馆榭、牌坊、庙宇等分布在山峦坡坎之上，掩映在茂林绿荫之中。
香山四季美景不断。如果把北京西郊比作北京现代化大都市的"后花园"。那么,历史悠久的香山公园便以"春天山花烂漫,夏日清爽宜人,深秋红叶飘丹,冬林银妆素裹"的自然景观,成为北京西郊的绿谷"氧吧"。公园内树木繁多,森林覆盖率达96%，仅古树名木就有5800余株，占北京城区的四分之一，公园具有独特的"山川、名泉、古树、红叶"资源。香山红叶驰名中外，1986年被评为"新北京十六景"之一，成为首都秋季最靓丽的一道景观，每到深秋时节，数以万计的中外游客齐聚香山，共赏秋色。
也许各位会问，香山问什么叫做香山呢?大家不妨猜猜看。
(可能是五花八门的答案，也可能，是有人知道的)
其实，香山的得名原因有三种说法，其一是：香山海拔557米，最高峰顶有一块巨大的乳峰石，形状像香炉，晨昏之际，云雾缭绕，远远望去，犹如炉中香烟袅袅上升，故名香炉山，简称香山。
圆灵应现殿两侧各设罩子门一座。殿后高台之上，是“眼界宽”厂厅一座三间。正间外檐向东挂“眼界宽”匾一面，粉油蓝字，乾隆宝。眼界宽南北接出游廊，又似环爬山廊，曲折而上，与“青霞寄逸”楼相连。
青霞寄逸为两层歇山顶，上下各三间的楼一座。下层前檐向东挂“青霞寄逸”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆宝。第二层，楼外檐向东挂“鹫峰云涌”匾一面，青地金字，乾隆宝。]j_2psjg
青霞寄逸楼下，靠壁建有“水月空明”殿一座三间。正殿外檐向东挂“水月空明”匾一面，绿地蓝字，乾隆宝。
水月空明殿前建有“詹卜香林”六方亭式楼一座三间。第一层，亭外前檐向东挂“詹卜香林”匾一面，粉油蓝字，乾隆宝。第二层，亭外前檐向东挂“无住法.轮”匾一面，粉油蓝字，乾隆宝。第三层，内隔断上挂“能仁妙觉”匾对一分，乾隆宝。亭外前檐向东挂“光明莲界”匾一面，粉油蓝字，乾隆宝。
双清泉
双清泉位于古老的香山寺脚下，为香山南山之水。根据《天府广记》记载:“丹砂井在香山下，相传为葛稚川丹井。二井，一泉水上涌，一泉水横流，味及甘甜。”乾隆皇帝在香山静宜园休息时，品尝泉水，觉得清凉甘甜，连声叫好，赐名为“双清”，御笔题名命人刻在石壁上。双清泉从双清下流知乐濠、过璎珞岩、流入带水屏山(静翠湖)，流入园外。
佳日亭
佳日亭是香山公园内结构最复杂的仿唐式亭台建筑，它位于位于眼镜湖南侧，最初是拍摄电视剧《唐明皇》的时候搭建的一个道具，因其与周围景致极为协调，许多游人在此争先合影留念，而后改建为“佳日亭”。
见心斋
见心斋位于公园内北门内西侧，是园中之园。始建于明嘉靖年间(1522-1566)颇具江南特色的园林庭院，清嘉庆年间续建。传说是皇帝鉴证大臣是否对他忠心的地方，故名见心斋。院内半圆形水池三面环以围廊彩画，正殿见心斋正对知鱼亭，斋后为正凝堂，鱼池内1000多尾红鲫锦鲤畅游，使这别致的小院充满了生机。
昭庙
宗镜大昭之庙，又称“昭庙”，始建于乾隆四十五年(1780)七月。它是为迎接班禅六世来京向乾隆皇帝祝贺七十大大寿而建的，故世称之为班禅行宫。乾隆四十五年九月十九日，宗镜大昭之庙开光。六世班禅额尔德尼于乾隆四十五年九月二十日来到香山静宜园，在其行宫内游览休息。乾隆四十五年十一月初三日，班禅额尔德尼由于身染痘症，系毒火太盛，于戌时圆寂于西黄寺内。
双清别墅
香山双清别墅位于香山公园南麓的半山腰，环境幽雅，以其苍翠的竹林、遮天蔽日的银杏、挺拔的松柏、古朴的建筑引人前往。然而真正使这个地方闻名天下的并不是她的秀丽风光，而是因为这里曾是毛主席住过的地方，曾是中共中央的指挥中心，曾发生过扭转中国命运决定中国前途的大事。党的七届二中全会在西柏坡胜利闭幕后，以农村包围城市为战略思想的毛泽东，实现了他的夙愿，提出要大踏步地前进，到北平去!毛泽东主席风趣地说：“走啦，咱们这是进京赶考!”1949年3月25日中共中央从西柏坡迁入香山双清。在双清别墅，毛泽东主席指挥了渡江战役，在这里筹备了新政协，筹建了新中国，在这里写下了《人民解放军占领南京》等脍炙人口的不朽诗篇。1994年，双清别墅被命名为“北京市青少年教育基地”。这里有毛泽东当年生活工作过的原状陈列;有毛泽东与爱子亲切交谈的地方----六角红亭。有记录一代伟人的《毛泽东在双清活动展览》……。《毛泽东在双清活动展览》由《从西柏坡到北平香山》、《毛泽东在双清》、《领袖生活在香山》三部分组成，集中反映了毛泽东等老一辈无产阶级革.命家运筹帷幄决胜千里之外的军事才能，反映了老一辈无产阶级革.命家艰苦奋斗的革.命历程。
双清别墅是广大青少年进行爱国主义和革.命传统教育的校外课堂，是企事业单位、学校组织过主题党日、团日、队日活动的好场所。香山公园也充分利用这一资源，通过“我为双清站一岗”、“爱北京，爱博物馆”征文等形式开展形式多样的爱国主义教育活动，公园在双清别墅设立了有关毛泽东的图书和纪念品专柜，增加播放“毛泽东在双清”专题片和相关史料宣传片。
碧云寺
碧云寺创建于1331年，至今已有近720_年的历史，是国家级文物保护单位。碧云寺原为元代开国元勋耶律楚材舍宅修建，原名碧云庵，据说当初在修建时，正值碧空如洗，白云出岫，可谓“碧色净如云”，于是命名。后经明清两代多次修缮扩建才形成今天的规模，并于明正德年间改名为“碧云寺”。1920_年，孙中山先生在京病逝，灵柩在碧云寺停放，直到1920_年才移至南京的中山陵，为了永久缅怀一代伟人，寺内设有孙中山纪念堂和孙中山先生衣冠冢。
碧云寺整组建筑以排列在中轴线上的六进院落为主体，南北各配一组院落，层层殿堂依山势迭起，由山门至金刚宝座塔，高度相差100余米，总体布局采用迥旋串连引人入胜的建造形式，每进院落各具特色，给人以层出不穷之感，院内香气弥漫，钟磬声悠，幡幢微荡。
据史料记载，1748年，乾隆皇帝对碧云寺进行了大规模的修建，在保存原有寺院的基础上，修建了金刚宝座塔、罗汉堂和水泉院，由于原有建筑无较大变动，因此碧云寺建筑和文物基本保留了明代风格。乾隆皇帝曾经在游历碧云寺时题写了“西山佛寺累百，惟碧云以宏丽著称……”的诗句(摘自《乾隆御制碧云寺碑文》)，由此可知，碧云寺在京西寺庙中具有很高的地位。
孙中山纪念堂
孙中山纪念堂座落在香山碧云寺内，自1977年10月1日正式对游人开放以来，成千上万的社会各界人士纷纷前来瞻仰参观，是革.命传统教育和爱国主义教育的重要基地。纪念堂内正中安放着中国国民党中央委员会暨全国各地中山学校敬献的中山先生汉白玉全身塑像，左右墙壁上镶嵌着用汉白玉雕刻的孙中山先生所写的《致苏联遗书》，正厅西北隅陈列着1920_年3月30日苏联人民送来的玻璃盖钢棺，堂内还陈列着孙中山先生的遗墨、遗著。
正厅两侧的中山先生纪念堂展览室集中反映了孙中山先生革.命的一生，为人们更好地了解中山先生的生平、生活暨革.命业绩提供了珍贵、丰富的教材。第一展室内容分为六个部分：求学立志、致力革.命、推翻帝制、创建民国、讨袁护法、伟大转折。概括了中山先生为了追求真理，振兴中华，经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，推翻了大清王朝，结束了封建帝制，开创了中国乃至亚洲民主共和的新纪元，将中国革.命推向了一个新的阶段。第二展室分五个部分：抱病北上、病逝北京、暂厝香山、移灵南下、缅怀伟人。介绍了中山先生为了国家的和平统一，毅然抱病北上，直至生命的最后一息。
伟大的爱国者和革.命先行者孙中山先生，深受世界炎黄子孙崇敬和爱戴，党的_大称颂他是“中国百年巨变的第一位伟人。”毛泽东曾说：“他全心全意地为了改造中国而耗费了毕生的精力，真是鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。”孙中山先生为了祖国的和平和统一，四处奔走，直到生命的最后一刻。他癌魔缠身，不顾自己的安危，累死在北京、暂厝香山的过程就是集中的体现。1920_年10月，冯玉祥发动北京政变，电邀孙中山先生北上共谋国是。为了国家能和平统一，中山先生发表了《北上宣言》，召开国民会议重申反对帝国主义和封建军阀，废除不平等条约。11月13日，中山先生毅然抱病由广州北上。由于长途劳累，他的肝病发作，到达北京时，病情急剧恶化已是生命垂危。临终之前，他立下了《国事》、《家事》、《致苏联政府》三个遗嘱;弥留之际，他仍支撑精神挣扎着留下“和平……奋斗……救中国 ”的遗言。
1920_年3月12日上午9时10分，孙中山先生在北京与世长辞。19日中山先生的灵榇停放在中央公园(现中山公园)，社会各界隆重公祭后，于4月2日灵榇移至香山碧云寺金刚宝座塔石券门内暂厝。1920_年5月，南京中山陵落成。5月22日，宋庆龄及亲属、医、卫，在这里为中山先生敛服，复大敛于待奉移之铜棺，将更换出的中山先生的衣帽，放回原敛之楠木棺中，封入金刚宝座塔石塔内。在碧云寺普明妙觉殿(现纪念堂)设灵堂，举行了庄重的灵榇奉移典礼。5月26日移灵南下，6月1日，中山先生的遗体于南京中山陵奉安礼成。为纪念中山先生遗体暂厝之地，时“国民政府”在普明妙觉殿立“总理纪念堂”，在金刚宝座塔石券门石塔立“总理衣冠冢”。新中国成立以后，人民政府重修碧云寺后复命名为“孙中山纪念堂”(宋庆龄题写)和“孙中山先生衣冠冢”，以为后人瞻仰。
为人类社会进步作出贡献的人永远会活在人们的心中;而一切逆历史潮流的人都没有好下场，正如中山先生题词的那样“世界潮流浩浩荡荡，顺之则昌，逆之则亡。”我们希望祖国早日统一，实现中华民族的伟大复兴，以慰籍中山先生的赤胆忠心!
卓锡泉
碧云寺卓锡泉是香山北源之水。卓锡泉在明代就很有名了。《长安客话》载:“水自寺后，石岩出，喷薄入小渠，人以卓锡明之。”卓锡泉得名传说是一得道高僧，口渴至极，用带锡制小环的禅杖，一卓(卓即点击的意思)底下的石头，石头间涌出清泉，故名。有诗“跟深连地脉，溜曲绕珠寺”真切地描述了泉水折流寺院的情景。卓锡泉水点缀了“天水一色”，流入“能仁寂照”金鱼池，出碧云寺至眼镜湖西坡上，小部分流如眼镜湖，主流到见心斋，经昭庙方河，绕土山到勤政殿遗址后到月牙河，流入园外。
介绍北京导游词50字篇七
he ming tombs are 40 kilometers north of beijing city on the southernslopes of tianshou mountain. they are the burial grounds of 13 ming dynastyemperors. in july 20___ the site was designated a world cultural heritage siteby unesco.
empress xu died in the 5th year of yongle (1407). zhu di sent
zhao hong, secretary of the ministry of rites and a geomancer----liaojunqing along with many others to beijing in search of an auspicious place forthe tombs. it is said that this group of people first selected the area of tujia ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldnt be used as theburial ground. next they selected the foot of yangshan mountain, r, since the surname of the emperor (zhu) is a homophone for pig andbecause a village named wolf mouth ravine was located there, they decidedagainst using that area. later, they found yan-jiatai west of beijing. again,since yanjia was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemedunsuitable. it was not until the 7th year of yongle (1409), that they finallychose the present heavenly longevity mountain as their cemetery grounds.
the whole area covers 40 square kilometers. it has mountains to its east,west and north, and dragon mountain and tiger mountain are on either side of itssouthern entrance. the 13 tombs go from north to south. they are arranged in themanner of the imperial palace, with the administration area in the front andliving quarters in the rear. in front of the tombs are spanine passes, stonearchways and steel towers. the precious city and ming tower stand over theunderground palace.
there were 16 emperors during the ming dynasty. buried in the ming tombs,are 13 ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes,princesses and maids. the other 3 emperors, emperor zhu yuanzhang, zhu yunwenand zhu qiyu are buried in other locations.
the founder of the ming dynasty, zhu yuanzhang, established his capital inpresent day nanjing where he was buried after his death. his tomb is calledxiaoling (tomb of filial piety).
the body of the second emperor of the ming, zhu yunwen, is missing. somesaid that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple andbecame a monk. there is no final conclusion yet.
the seventh ming emperor zhu qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elderbrother zhu qizhen at jinshankou, a western suburb of beijing, because in thetumubao upheaval, emperor zhu qizhen became a captive and the younger brother ofzhu qizhen. zhu qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later zhu qizhen wasback and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the seizing gate upheaval.
the memorial arch was built in the 19th year of jiajing (1540) as a symbolof the ming tombs. it is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 archessupported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons andlotus flowers. the memorial arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stonearch preserved in the country today. the major designs of dragon and clouddecorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. in addition, it alsodemonstrates the skillful artistry of the ming craftsmen.
the big palace gate is the front gate of the ming tombs, and is morecommonly known as big red gate. facing south, there are three arch entrances tothe gate, the main inlet to the ming tombs. flanking the gate are two stonetablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people todismount, before entering into the tomb area. if they did not obey, they wouldbe punished for their disrespect. the rules governing the ming tombs in the mingdynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood andbreak twigs would be flogged. those who came to fetch dirt and stone would bebeheaded. those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged ahundred times.
the tablet house was built in the 10th year of xuande (1435), and standsabout 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. a huge tablet stands in the middleof the tablet house. the front side bears an inscription by emperor renzong forchengzu. the reverse side is a poem by qing emperor qianlong recording in detailthe conditions of the broken changling, yongling, dingling and xiling. on theeast side is the record of expenditures for repairing the ming tombs by the qinggovernment. on the west side is an epitaph by qing emperor jiaqing. it waswritten in the 9th year of jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall ofthe ming dynasty.
on the north side of the tablet house, stands a group of stone carvings (36in all). behind the house, there are two stone pillars. beyond the pillars arestone animals and other statues. lions, xie zhi, camels, elephants, and qi linhorses .all of the animals are in two pairs. two stand, while the other twokneel. it is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials andofficials of merit, four in each group. these stone animals and statues weremade in the 10th year of xuande (1435). they reflect the imperial power when hewas alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. the animals andstatues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons andeach was delicately and masterfully carved.
here stands ling xing gate, also known as the unique dragon and phoenixgate, with the meaning of the gate of heaven. the gate is pierced with six doorleaves, attached to three archways. the top of the central section of the threearchways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as theflame archway. to the north of the dragon and phoenix gate there lays aseven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of changling. to the east of theseven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site ofthe seven-arch bridge.
actually we are standing on the axle line of the ming tombs, otherwiseknown as the sacred way or the tomb path. we passed the memorial arch, the bigpalace gate, the tablet house, sacred way, stone animals and statues, and lingxing gate. this seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north,all the way to the gate of changling.
now, we are moving to chang ling. changling is the first tomb built in theming tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing emperor zhu di and hisempress xu.
zhu di (chengzu) of the ming dynasty was the fourth son of the firstemperor zhu yuanzhang, born in 1360. zhu di was conferred the title of theprince of yan in the 3rd year of hongwu (1370). he was appointed at the death of zhu yuanzhang (the first ming emperor), zhu di used thepretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of emperor jianwen to lead anarmy expedition down south to nanjing. he seized the throne in the 4th year ofjianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in june inside the hall of ancestralworship in nanjing. zhu di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in theming dynasty. as soon as he became the prince of yan, he led the generals out tobattle. he had great achievements in calming down the north. after he took overhis nephews power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughoutthe country and consolidated the rule of the ming dynasty. he made the importantdecision to move the capital to beijing. during the rule of zhu di, magnificentdevelopments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. in terms ofculture, zhu di successively sent grand academician xie jin, yan guangxiao andothers to compile the yongle encyclopedia. the book has become the largest bookever complied in chinese history. for expanding external exchanges and trade,zhu di selected eunuch zheng he to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold,silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast asia and africa seven times in theearly years of yongle.
empress xu was buried together with emperor zhu di in changling. empressxushi was the eldest daughter of xu da who was one of the founding fathers ofthe ming dynasty. throughout her lifespan, xu shi complied 20 articles ofinternal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate peoplesminds. she was the very first one to be buried in changling and in the ming tombarea.
the hall of eminent favor in changling is the best preserved among thethirteen tombs. it is a valuable relic of ancient chinas wooden structures. itis nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in china. theroof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered withyellow glazed tiles. the hall is supported by 60 thick nanmu pillars, the middlefour in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over onemeter. it is known as the best nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.
now we are going to dinging. dingling is located at the east foot of dayumountain. buried here are the 13th ming emperor wanli (zhu yijun) and his twoempresses xiaoduan and xiaojing. zhu yijun was the longest on the throne of theming emperors. (he was emperor for 48 years). he was the greediest and laziestemperor in the ming dynasty. zhu yijun ascended the throne at the age of he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister zhang juzheng. atthis time, various aspects of society gained development.
later ,zhang juzheng died of illness. not long after wanli managed stateaffairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb sitewhen he went to pay homage to the ancestors tombs. he spent eight million taelsof silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tombdingling. after the dingling was completed, zhu yijun personally went to inspectit, and felt very satisfied with the result. he went so far as to hold a grandbanquet in the underground palace, which was unheard of in history.
zhu yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. reflecting on his reign, hedid not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. the stateorgan was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. later generationscommented that the fall of the ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.
zhu yijun had two empresses. empress xiaojing was originally a maid ofwanlis mother cisheng. later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. that sonwas the one-month emperor guangzong (zhu changluo). she died of illness 9 yearsearlier than shenzong died. she was buried as a concubine at pinggangdi, aroundthe east pit, at the heavenly longevity mount. after xiaojing was conferred thetitle of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the undergroundpalace of dingling, and buried together with emperor wanli and empress xiaoduanon the same day. xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could notgive birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. xiaoduan died ofillness. a hundred days later, emperor wanli (zhu yijun) died too. empressxiaoduan, emperor wanli, and empress xiaojing were buried together in theunderground palace.
the tablet in front of dingling has no words on it. it is called thewordless tablet. there is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a patternof sea waves carved on the bottom. its base is composed of a tortoise (bixi). itis said that the dragon has nine sons. in twelve of the ming tombs, excludingchangling, all the tablets are wordless. originally there were no tablet housesin front of the tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first sixtombs were completed. but the emperor jiajing at the time indulged in drinking,lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention onthe inscriptions. consequently the six tablets are wordless. and in keeping withthis tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.
now we are arriving at the gate of eminent favor and the hall of eminentfavor of dingling, the hall of eminent favor is also called hall of was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificialrites. they were mostly destroyed when the qing soldiers came. and they weredestroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.
moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after theexcavation of the underground palace. the exhibition explains in detail thehistory of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. theexhibition rooms are spanided into two parts, the south and the north. in thesouth room, on display are the sacrificial objects of emperor wanli unearthedfrom the underground palace. in the north room, on display are the sacrificialitems of the two empresses. all of then are fancy and invaluable.
now we arrive at the soul tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. it is astone structure with colorful painted decorations. the soul tower and theprecious citadel of dingling have never been damaged seriously. the soul toweris the best preserved architecture above the ground of dingling. on top of theyellow, glazed tiled roof of the soul tower sits a big stone tablet. two chinesecharacters----dingling, are carved on the tablet. inside the soul tower, on topof another stone tablet, there are two big characters----the great ming writtenin seal characters. on the body of the tablet, seven chinese characters-----tombof emperor shenzong xian are carved. the soul tower is connected with theprecious citadel. the precious citadel is a large round wall built with precious citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upperpart is thin. the round walls perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wallis a large artificial mound, the emperors tomb mound, known as precious top.
dingling is the only ming tomb to be excavated. formal excavation workstarted in may 1956 and ended in 1958. first, the working personnel discoveredan exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the precious citadel ofdingling. so they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. atthe bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. three monthslater, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the soul tower, theydug the second tunnel. during the digging, they encountered with a stone tabletwhich inscribed the words from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies theprecious wall. therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up theunderground palace.
according to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the thirdtunnel, they found a stone tunnel. at last they got to the precious wall. thusthey opened the precious wall with a square stone room. to the west end of theroom, lay two marble doors. the working personnel used a wire and wood plank toremove the self-acting stone bar, which was against the back of the door. withthis method, they opened the entrance of the underground palace.
the palace has no beam which was built according to the principles ofgeomancy altogether there are five chambers. the chambers are separated by sevenmarble doors. the underground palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of1,195 square meters. there is a same structure stone door in between the front,middle and rear chambers. the door is made of marble. the biggest marble door is3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. it looks heavy, but it isreasonably designed. the pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle,so the door is easy to open and close. on top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. carved onthe front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals withrings in their mouths. located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is aprotruding section that holds the doors self-acting stone bar.
the front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. thefloor is covered with gold bricks. according to records, the gold bricks aresmooth and durable. the more you polish them, the brighter they become. thereare no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. in the middle chamber,there are three marble thrones for emperor wanli and his two empresses, known asthe precious thrones. in the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazedofferings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of jiajing years style with acloud-and-dragon design. it is about 0.7 meters in diameter. originally therewas sesame oil in the jar. on the surface of the oil was a copper tube with awick inside. it is called the everlasting lamp. due to the lack of oxygen, thelight went out so the oil had not been used all.
the rear chamber is the biggest of the three. it is 9.5 meters high, 31meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. in therear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. placed on theplatform are the coffins of emperor wanli and his two empresses as well as 26vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.
in the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filledwith soil called gold well. putting jade stone around the coffin or inside thecoffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being buried with jade. ancientpeople believed gold well was the pit of geomancy. it could prevent the bodyfrom decay for a long time. being buried with jade on a gold well was thehighest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.
originally the empresss coffin should have been placed in the rear why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as theemperors? in 1620, first empress xiaoduan died in april, then in july emperorwanli also died. after that, the son of zhu changluo died 29 days after hissuccession. in only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died insuccession. in addition they had removed empress xiaojings coffin to the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned emperor zhuyoujian. the preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearlyrecorded in historical documents). the rainy season had already arrived beforethe funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress annex chamber maynot have been convenient to open. so the coffins of the emperor, empresses allentered the underground palace through the front entrance. after the coffinsentered the underground palace, since the passage to the annex chambers werenarrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. so they had toput all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.
now please follow me out of the underground palace. and our tour for todayis completed. i hope you have found our time together informative and now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at4:00pm. thank you.
