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辽细辛精油不同馏分杀虫活性比较

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辽细辛精油不同馏分杀虫活性比较
时间:2022-10-16 03:05:07     小编:

摘要:采用超临界CO2萃取辽细辛精油,硅胶柱层析法分离精油,气相色谱-质谱法分析其成分。以小菜蛾和淡色库蚊3龄幼虫为试虫,对辽细辛精油及各馏分的杀虫活性进行了比较。结果表明,各馏分的杀虫效果不同,馏分A5成分比较简单,但其杀虫活性并不高;其他馏分(如A1和A6)的组成成分较多,然而它们的杀虫活性却较高,说明辽细辛精油中起杀虫作用的主要成分并非一种,可能多种成分均起作用。该结果为进一步研究和开发以辽细辛为原料的新型植物源杀虫剂奠定理论基础。

关键词:细辛精油;GC-MS;硅胶柱层析;杀虫活性

Comparison of the Biological Activities of Asarum Volatile Oil and

Its Different Distillates

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China)

Abstract: The asarum volatile oil was extracted with CO2 by supercutical fluid extraction(SFE) method and separated by silica column chromatography. GC-MS fingerprint chromatograms of different distillates were analyzed. The biological activities of the asarum volatile oil and different distillates were tested and compared by using the third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella and Culex pipiens pallens as the test insects. Results showed that the biological activities of different distillates were significant. The fifth distillate (A5) was unadulterated, but its biological activity was very low. Other distillates (for instance A1 and A6) were a mixture, but their biological activities were higher than that of A5. It is indicated that the main constituent of insecticidal action in asarum volatile oil was not onsdefold chemical compound. It is possible that many components in asarum volatile oil act on insecticide. It will provide a basis for developing new botanic insecticide using asarum as raw material.

Key words: asarum volatile oil; GC-MS; silica column chromatography; biological activity

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

2 结果与分析

2.1 辽细辛精油的指纹图谱分析

2.2 辽细辛精油的分离

2.3 不同馏分杀虫活性比较

结合图2-7及表1可以看出,馏分A5成分比较简单,但其杀虫活性并不强,而其他馏分(如A1和A6)虽然组成成分较多,且组成成分存在差异,但其杀虫活性却较高,说明辽细辛精油中起杀虫作用的主要成分并非是单一的化合物,但具体情况,有待于今后的继续探索。 3 小结与讨论

采用超临界CO2法萃取了辽细辛精油,并进行了GC-MS指纹图谱分析,结果表明辽细辛精油是由多种成分组成的混合物,成分较多,能够标定峰值的有35种。采用硅胶柱层析法对辽细辛精油进行了分离,初步得到6个馏分,其指纹图谱表明,各馏分均为混合物,馏分A5成分较少。以小菜蛾和淡色库蚊为试虫,对辽细辛精油及各馏分的杀虫活性进行了比较,表明各馏分的杀虫效果不同,与萃取精油比较,杀虫效果或提高或降低,馏分A5成分比较少,但其杀虫活性并不强,而其它馏分(如A1和A6)虽然组成成分较多,且组成成分存在差异,但其杀虫活性却较高,说明辽细辛精油中起杀虫作用的主要成分并非是单一的一种化合物,可能多种成分均起作用,但具体情况有待于继续探索。

参考文献:

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