范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写？下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文，希望能够帮助到大家，我们一起来看一看吧。
托福阅读强化训练题及答案篇一
我们知道，想要顺利拿下托福阅读理解，大量的练习是少不了的。下面，小编就为大家送上一篇2017年托福阅读强化训练题。
what unusual or unique biological trait led to the remarkable spanersification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? the answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary inspaniduals.
under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from inspanidual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. when a food object or nest intruder is too large for one inspanidual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. that is, inspanidual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). they do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish — for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a series directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. there has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.
what makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. the eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.
1. which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?
(a) how do inspanidual ants adapt to specialized tasks?
(b) what are the differences between social and solitary insects?
(c) why are ants predators?
(d) why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?
2. the word "unique" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(a) inherited
(b) habitual
(c) singular
(d) natural
3. the word "rotting" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(a) decaying
(b) collected
(c) expanding
(d) cultivated
4. the word "key" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(a) uncommon
(b) important
(c) incidental
(d) temporary
