商务英语中跨文化交际下的语用失误
International business negotiations in the import and export trade plays a very important role.And in international business negotiations,the interpreter bark,because of interpreting accurate or not is an important factor in the success of the negotiations。In cross-cultural communication,although some strong language skills,but often not appropriate and decent use of the language,the lack of appropriate language language with the ability to encounter communication barriers,resulting in both hard to communicate misleading,and even leadunintended consequences,this is the so-called language mistakes phenomenon.
One,pragmatics definition and types of errors Pragmatic Failure refers to verbal communication when the speaker uses the correct sentence symbol relationship,but to speak the way wrong,and expression out of habit,specifically refers to the speaker unconsciously violation of interpersonal norms,social conventions,or substandard space,do not look at the object,regardless of the communication each other's identity,status,occasion,etc.,contrary to the unique cultural values in the target language,so that the communication is interrupted or fails,resulting in communication can not achieve the desired results or does not meet the satisfactory communication. Pragmatic Failures are spanided into: 1.Pragmatic language mistakes.Refers to do not understand the deep layers of the surface of the target language pragmatics implication of Pragmatic Failure.Language learners use the target language (forEign language) does not meet the forEIgn language of the tribe's language habits or apply the expression of the mother tongue. 2.Social Pragmatic Failure.Means the errors due to different language and cultural background.It and talk to the identity of both sides of the language domain of the session,topic familiarity,and other factors.Social Pragmatic Failure in the process of cross-cultural communication.It is not because of the pragmatics of language skills lacking,but the socio-cultural due to the lack of capacity.In other words,the Social Pragmatic Failure from different points of view of cultural conflict,as well as considered appropriate in certain situations,what kind of behavior.Such as: older people in foreign countries will be considered to be synonymous with useless,while in China is just an age spanision only,and that there is no discrimination.Commerce exchanges,social exchanges as a way the use of language are inseparable,and the specific social environment context different understanding of the discourse will be different,so no clear distinction between two kinds of mistakes. TWO,Language with two levels of errors and their causes 1.Voice-level language errors.www.LWlm.Com Business negotiations is interpretation-based,and the voice level language errors number and a lot.Some assimilation,often encounter at the negotiating table,skimming,continuous weak reading,loss of blasting and other diacritical phenomenon,sometimes accompanied by a non-standard syntax.In addition,a number of function words,prepositions,conjunctions,articles,and other light read words often the area and over,it is difficult to capture,brought a certain degree of difficulty as the work of the interpreters.Especially in communication with some people from non-English speaking countries.English-speaking Arab-American businessman,in the pronunciation and the orthodox English is not easy to distinguish the difference. 2.semantic expression levels of Pragmatic Failure.www.LWlm.Com Semantic expression levels of Pragmatic Failure.In addition to voice level Pragmatic Failure,the most common Pragmatic Failure of the semantic level.And cross-cultural communication is the most complex semantic correct expression of the most difficult to master.From a linguistic point of view,the world's all languages are carved from the same mother tongue to leave,so all languages have commonality.But each language is developed in different environments,improve the evolution of culture,history and evolution,which resulted in the historical,semantic expression of the different levels between countries with different cultural backgrounds.In international business negotiations often encounter this problem,so the semantic expression of Pragmatic Failure to become the most difficult problem in international business negotiations. Third,the conclusion Interpreting business negotiation Pragmatic Failures of produce is not incidental.Domestic interpreters in language learning,as limited by the single language teaching,language overall grasp and perception,resulting in problems in the process of language use.Language teaching is one of the fundamental factors leading to language mistakes.Cultural differences is another important factor leading to the Pragmatic failures in interpreting,whether in business negotiations or negotiations in other areas due to lack of understanding of one or both of the other socio-cultural traditions,communication,each carrying a different cultural point of view to participate in cross cultural communication,from its own perspective to try to figure out the people of other cultures,resulting in the concept of two cultures can not be fusion,and cultural conflicts.Interpretation is a heavy responsibility,wrong translation or mistranslation will not only damage caused by the two sides cooperation heart,but also to leave a shadow.The famous linguist Thomas (1983) said that in verbal communication,the speaker did not according to the standard syntax encoding mode to the words and sentences,the worst they can say bad; but is not in accordance with the principle of pragmatics English,he would be considered poor performance,is considered to be insincere,deliberately deceptive or ill-intentioned people.www.LWlm.ComThus,Pragmatic Failure in the language in the interpretation is how important it is,an interpreter in the negotiations to lead to a high degree of attention.