[12] 参见Case C-65/93 European Parliament v. Council (19
9
5) ECR I-643.[13] 有学者认为,欧共体初审法院并不是欧共体独立的司法机构,而只是欧共体法院的附属机构。[14] 参见Case 6/68 Zuckerfabrik Watenstedt GmbH v. Council (19
6
8) ECR 409 at 415.[15] 参见Case 34/73 Variola SpA v. Amministrazione Italiana delle Finanze, (19
7
3) ECR 981 and Case 94/77 Fratelli Zerbone Snc v. Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato (19
7
8) ECR 99 at 116.[16] 参见Winter, “Direct Applicability and Direct Effect:Two Distinct and Different Concepts in Community Law” CMLRev 1972,P425; Pescatore, “The Doctrine of Direct Effect: An Infant Disease in Community Law” ELRev 1983, P155.[17] 参见Case Van Gend en Loos v. nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen (19
6
3) ECR 1, P12.[18] 参见《欧共体条约》第
5
4、56
(2)、
6
3、
100、10
1、113
(3)和118
(2)条。[19] 参见Case 9/70 Grad v.Finanzamt Traunstein (19
70) ECR 825, P838 and Case 41/74 Van Duyn v. Home Office(19
7
4) ECR 1337,P1348.[20] 参见Case 48/75 Royer (19
7
6) ECR 449, P518 and 239/85 Commission v. Germany(19
8
5) ECR 1661, P1673.[21] 参见Case C-361/88 Commission v.Germany(19
9
1) ECR I-2567, P2601-2602.[22] 参见Case 29/84 Commission v.Germany (19
8
5) ECR 1661, P1673.[23] 《欧共体条约》第191条。1958年9月15日,理事会发布了一个决定,三个共同体拥有共同的公报。
目前,公报用11种语言发行。[24] 参见Case 17/67 Firma Max Neumann v.Hauptaollamt Hof/Saale (19
6
7) ECR 441, P456.[25] 参见Case 114/81 Tunnel Refneries Ltd. V. Council (19
8
2) ECR 3189 P3206.[26] 《欧共体条约》第191条。[27] 值得注意的是,欧盟自身并不具有法律人格,在国际舞台上,它必须和各成员国一起为国际行为,因此欧盟自身并不具有缔结国际协定的资格。
[28] 参见Case C-327/91 France v. Commission(19
9
4) ECR I-3641, P24.[29] 共同商业政策的内容可以同国家外贸政策的内容基本一致,此外还包括根据《关贸总协定》所采取的反倾销措施和其他针对非法商业行为所采取的措施。参见Opinion 1/75 Local Costs (19
7
5) ECR 1355 and Opinion 1/78 Natural Rubber (19
7
9) ECR 2971;Council Regulation 2423/84, OJ(19
8
4),L209,P1.[30] Case 22/70 Commission v. Council (19
7
1) ECR 263.[31] 参见I. Macleod, I..D Hendry and Stephen Hyett, “The External Relations of European Communities”, P46.[32] 参见Case 22/70.[33] 参见Case Opinion 1/76 Laying-up Fund,(19
7
7) ECR 741.[34] 参见Case 3,4,6/76 Kramer(19
7
6) ECR 1279.[35] 参见Case 22/70, P17.[36] 参见Opinion 2/91, P25.[37] 参见Opinion 1/94, P94.[38] 参见Opinion 2/92, P32.[39] 参见I. Macleod, I.D.Hendry and Stephen Hyett, “The External Relations of the European Communties”, P372.[40] 参见Case 142/88 Hoesch v. Bergrohr (19
8
9) ECR 3413, P30.[41] 《维也纳条约法公约》第34条。[42] 参见Case C-61/94 International Dairy Arrangement (19
9
6) ECR I-3989.[43] 参见Case C-434/92 Anastasiou (19
9
4) ECR I-3087,P3127.[44] 参见Joined Cases 21-24/72,International Fruit Company NV v. Produktschap voor Groenten en Fruit(19
7
2) ECR 1219, P20.[45] 许多在联合国框架下缔结的国际协定属于这一类。[46] 参见Case 12/86 Demirel (19
8
7) ECR 3719, Paragraph 14.