摘要 利用欧洲中心数值产品中高空、地面等气象要素资料、本溪市环境监测站AQI指数、本溪市气象观测站的能见度资料，分析了此次霾天气过程的气象条件及污染物浓度变化与霾天气可能存在的关系。结果表明，此次霾天气过程期间，辽宁上空以平直纬向环流为主，没有明显的冷空气南下影响本溪地区，对流层中低层盛行暖湿的西南气流，地面为不利于污染物扩散和稀释的弱气压场，大气层结稳定、风速小，地面上空出现逆温层，边界层内污染物的水平和垂直扩散能力差，污染物逐渐积累，造成此次霾天气，污染物浓度变化与霾天气过程存在密切关系。在霾发生前期AQI指数存在升高趋势，在霾发生、消散过程中与能见度呈显著相反变化特征。
关键词 霾天气；气象条件；污染物浓度；辽宁本溪
中图分类号 P467 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2017）08-0207-02
Analysis on Meteorological Conditions of Haze Weather in Benxi Area
WU He GAO Yan-bo CUI Yao-peng YU Tian-chong QIN Yu JIANG Lin-shan
（Benxi Meteorological Bureau in Liaoning Province，Benxi Liaoning 117000）
Abstract Based on the high altitude and ground meteorological data of European Center numerical products，Benxi City Environmental Monitoring Station AQI index and Benxi Meteorological Station visibility data，the paper analyzed the meteorological conditions of haze weather process，as well as the relationship between the pollutant concentration change and haze.The results showed that during the haze weather process，the flat zonal circulation was mainly above Liaoning，there was no obvious cold air southward to affect Benxi area，the southwest air flowed in low troposphere was warm and wet，the ground for the weak pressure was not conducive to pollutant dispersion and dilution，the atmospheric stratification was stable，the wind speed was small，the inversion layer appeared on the ground，the horizontal and vertical diffusion capacity of pollutants in the boundary layer was poor，and the pollutants accumulated gradually，which resulted in the haze weather.There was a close relationship between the pollutant concentration and haze weather process. In the early stage of haze，there was an increasing trend of AQI index，which was significantly opposite with that of visibility during haze occurrence and dissipation.
Key words haze；meteorological condition；pollutant concentration；Benxi Liaoning
近年恚随着本溪地区城市化、工业化进程的加速发展，灰霾天气频繁发生。灰霾天气是指大于10 km的空气普遍浑浊现象[1]。严重的灰霾天气不仅对人类身体健康造成严重的威胁，而且其引起的能见度下降也会对城市经济活动和市民的日常生活带来不利影响[2-3]。因此，研究霾天气产生的气象条件将有利于治理霾污染。
关于中国雾霾天气与气象条件之间的联系，前人的研究一方面集中在雾霾长期变化趋势与气象因子变化趋势之间的关系，另一方面集中在局地气象条件与雾霾天气的联系[4-5]。一些研究分析了雾霾天气与大气环流的联系。在珠江三角洲地区，当大气对流层中层出现较强的纬向环流、对流层低层在弱高压脊控制下并且出现较弱的表面风时，有利于严重霾天气的发生[6]。灰霾天气不仅受气象条件制约，与污染物组成及浓度变化密切相关[7-9]。魏 欣等[10]研究发现，天津地区灰霾天气与非灰霾天气细颗粒物浓度显著不同。王 宏等[11]分析得出形成霾天气的影响因素主要包括污染排放和气象条件两方面，大气中污染物的增加，加上大气层结稳定等不利于污染扩散的气象条件，导致霾天气的形成和持续。
因此，本文在研究此次霾天气过程时主要分析了环流背景在霾天气演变过程中的作用，同时也详细分析了AQI的变化特征，得出了污染物因子浓度变化与霾天气过程的关系。