摘要:以野生大豆(Glycine soja)和栽培大豆(Glycine max)为试验材料,分析了其种子营养成分。结果表明,野生大豆子粒中粗蛋白含量高于栽培大豆,粗脂肪、总糖、总异黄酮及粗纤维含量低于栽培大豆。野生大豆和栽培大豆中均检出10种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸含量较高,野生大豆中硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、亚麻酸、花生一烯酸含量高于栽培大豆。野生大豆与栽培大豆均检出16种氨基酸,野生大豆的组氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸及赖氨酸含量高于栽培大豆。栽培大豆的总氨基酸含量高于野生大豆。
关键词:野生大豆(Glycine soja);栽培大豆(Glycine max);种子;营养成分
Comparing Nutrients in the Seeds of Wild Soybean and Cultivated Soybean
ZHENG Shi-ying,JIN Gui-fang,GENG Jian-fen,YU Ling-chun
(Department of Agronomy, Dezhou University,Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China)
Abstract: The nutritional contents in seeds of wild soybean and cultivated soybean were compared. The results showed that crude protein content in seeds of wild soybean grain was higher than that of cultivated soybean. Crude fat, total sugar content, total isoflavones and crude fiber content in seeds of wild soybean were lower than those of cultivated soybean. Among 12 different fatty acids detected, content of Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid was higher. Content stearate, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, linolenic acid, peanut acid of wild soybean were higher than those of cultivated soybeans. Among 16 kinds of amino acids detected, contents of histidine, serine, arginine, isoleucine, valine, and lysine of wild soybean were higher than those of cultivated soybean. Content of total amino acid of cultivated soybean was higher than that of wild soybean.
Key words: wild soybean(Glycine soja);cultivated soybean(Glycine max);seeds; nutritional contents
目前,对于野生大豆的研究仅限于生物学特性和资源保护,有关其种子营养成分方面的研究较少,本试验以栽培大豆为对照,针对野生大豆种子主要营养成分进行研究,为野生大豆资源的合理开发与利用提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
2.1 野生大豆与栽培大豆种子主要营养成分
2.1.5 氨基酸的组成 野生大豆与栽培大豆中均检出16种氨基酸(表3)。野生大豆的组氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸及赖氨酸含量高于栽培大豆。栽培大豆的总氨基酸含量高于野生大豆。
3 结论
野生大豆子粒中粗蛋白含量高于栽培大豆,而粗脂肪、总糖、总异黄酮及粗纤维含量均低于栽培大豆。野生大豆和栽培大豆中均检出10种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸含量较高。与栽培大豆相比,野生大豆硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、亚麻酸、花生一烯酸含量高于栽培大豆。野生大豆与栽培大豆中均检出16种氨基酸。野生大豆的组氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸及赖氨酸含量高于栽培大豆。栽培大豆的总氨基酸含量高于野生大豆。
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