在影《血战钢铁岭》中，美国演员安德鲁・加菲尔德诠释出了主人公在战场上对信仰的坚持。对于多次出演真人角色的加菲尔德来说，演活角色的秘籍就在于了解角色的内在灵魂。
Any actor or actress would admit that it’s tricky to play roles based on real people.
On one hand， they do mountains of research to make sure they’re staying as true to life as possible. On the other hand， they try to add their own touches to the performance so that their work can be called their own.
American actor Andrew Garfield， 33， faced that dilemma when playing Desmond Doss in recent Mel Gibson’s film Hacksaw Ridge. Doss was a US army medic during World War II who refused to carry a gun because of his pacifist beliefs， but saved 75 lives without firing a single shot. His actions made him the first conscientious objector―a person who objects to serving in the armed forces for moral or conscience reasons―to be presented with the Medal of Honor， the US’s highest military honor awarded for personal acts of valor above and beyond the call of duty.
This isn’t the first time that Garfield has endured the responsibility
of playing a well-known figure. He starred as the titular character in two of the Spider-Man movies， which according to him brought a different kind of pressure. “Spider-Man is so active in people’s imaginations that everyone has their own version of the character in their head. But there’s only one version of Desmond，” he said.
His first stage of research was to study as many images and documentaries of Doss he could get his hands on. But Garfield soon realized that he needed to learn not only the veteran’s external characteristics， but also his essence， his insides， that deepest part of himself.
To help achieve his goal， Garfield traveled to Chattanooga in Tennessee to visit the last home Doss lived in before he died in 2006. The actor wanted to walk where Doss walked， handle the tools Doss handled， while all the time keeping in mind how the research would affect his performance.
“For me， with a man like Desmond， I don’t think I could have gone too far in terms of getting to know who he was，” Garfield said. “But it can’t be an impression of him. That doesn’t interest me.”
“There are certain things that are wonderful as resources you get to imitate. But then there is the other part of the alchemy process in making the character you.”
Garfield explains that it’s like the difference between slipping into someone’s clothes and stepping into their skin. Until he goes deep inside a role based on a real person， he doesn’t feel he’s done the work justice. And it’s not until he fully understands the character that Garfield feels confident he can do the things asked of the role in the script without hesitation or thought. 扮演一个以真实人物为原型的角色十分棘手，任何一位演员都会认同这一点。
一方面，他们要做大量的调查研究，以确保尽可能地令角色栩栩如生；另一方面，他们也尝试在表演中加入自己的理解，从而让这些作品打上自己的标签。
33岁的美国演员安德鲁・加菲尔德在梅尔・吉布森执导的新片《血战钢锯岭》中扮演戴斯蒙德・道斯一角时，便遭遇了这样的两难境地。道斯是二战时的一位美国军医，由于和平主义信仰而拒绝配枪，他在没开一枪的情况下，成功拯救了75条生命。这些举
动让他成为首位被授予荣誉勋章的拒绝服兵役者（出于道德和良心而拒绝服兵役的人），而该勋章是美国用以嘉奖超出职责范围的个人英勇行为的最高军事奖章。
加菲尔德并非首次挑战饰演名人。他曾在《蜘蛛侠》系列电影中两度出演了同名角色。在他看来，这给他带来的是完全不同的压力感。“蜘蛛侠在人们的想象中十分鲜活，每个人脑海中的版本都各不相同。而戴斯蒙德的版本只有一种。”他说道。
加菲尔德展开调研的第一步是去研究所有他能拿到手的关于道斯的影像和纪录片。但他很快便意识到，他不光需要了解这位老兵外在的性格特点，还需要了解他的精髓、他的内在、他最深层次的自己。
为了能达成这一目标，加菲尔德来到了田纳西州的查特怒加市，拜访了道斯2006年去世前的住所。他想走道斯走过的路，用道斯用过的工具，并时刻牢记这些调查对他表演所产生的影响。
“于我而言，为了深入了解戴斯蒙德，我做什么都不为过，”加菲尔德说道，“但这并不是一味模仿他，我对此不感兴趣。”
“的确有一些十分美妙的事物能让你去模仿。但在这反复锤炼的过程中，你也可以角色赋予自己的标签。”
加菲尔德解释称，这就像是匆忙穿上别人的衣服和深入他人肌肤之间的区别。除非他深入了解了一个以真人为原型的角色，否则他就会觉得自己所做的并不妥当。而直到他完全了解角色后，他才有自信毫不犹豫地要求出演剧本里的角色。
Word Study
tricky /tr?k?/ adj. 复杂的，难处理的；狡猾的 Getting it to fit exactly is a tricky business.
conscientious /?k?n??'en??s/ adj. 尽责的；凭良心的 We are generally very conscientious about our work.
endure /?n'dj??（r） / v. 忍耐；承受 She could not endure the thought of parting.
essence /'esns/ n. 精华；精髓 His paintings capture the essence of France.
script /skr?pt/ n. 剧本；脚本 That line isn’t in the original script.
